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COM - MOD 1 > Ch 6 Slides Part 1 - Guerin > Flashcards

Ch 6 Slides Part 1 - Guerin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cells of the innate immunity?

A

Monocytes/Macrophages
Neutrophils
DCs
NK cells

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2
Q

What NK cells provide protection against?

A

Viruses and intracellular bacteria

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3
Q

What are examples of plasma proteins?

A

Complement
Mannose-binding
Lung surfactant

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4
Q

What are the extracellular PAMPs?

A

TLR

Lectin

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5
Q

What are the cytosoloic PAMPs and what do they recognize?

A

NOD-like receptor - bacterial peptidoglycan, products of damaged cells

RIG-like receptor - viral RNA

Endosomal - nucleic acid of ingested microbes

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6
Q

TLRs trigger activation of what TF?

What else do they stimulate?

A

NF-KB

IRFs -> type I IFN for antiviral protection

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7
Q

What do NOD-like receptors recognize?

Signal what?

A 
Products of necrotic cells (uri's acid and ATP)
Ion disturbances (loss of K+)

Inflammasome

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8
Q

The NLR-inflammasome pathway may play a role in what?

A

Gout
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes
Atherosclerosis

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9
Q

NLRP-inflammasome complex signals what?

End result?

A

Caspase-1

Secreted IL-1B and acute inflammation –> Fever

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10
Q

C-type Lectin receptors detect what?

A

Fungal glycans and elicit inflammatory reactions

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11
Q

RIG like receptors detect what?

A

Nucleic acids of viruses

Stimulates antiviral cytokines production

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12
Q

GPCRs recognize what?

A

Peptides containing N-fMet

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13
Q

Mannose receptors recognize what?

A

Microbial sugars (mannose)

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14
Q

When does somatic recombination occur?

Where?

A

Lymphocyte maturation

T cells - thymus
B cells - bone marrow

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15
Q

What genes are important for somatic recombination?

A

RAG-1 and RAG-2

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16
Q

Where are the recombined T and B cells located?

A

T - TCR

B - Ig

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17
Q

Gamma delta TCRs recognize what?

Aggregate where?

A

Peptides, lipids, small molecules
NO MHC

Epithelial surfaces (skin, GI, Urogenital tracks)

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18
Q

NK-T cells recognize what?

A

Glycolipids displayed via CD1

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19
Q

What proteins are part of the B-cell antigen receptor complex?

A

Igalpha and IgBeta proteins

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20
Q

What other molecules are essential for B-cell signaling?

What uses this to infect B cells?

A

CR2/CD21
And CD40

EBV

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21
Q

What are DCs under the epithelia called?

A

Langerhans cells in the skin

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22
Q

Where are follicular DCs found?

A

Germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and LNs

23
Q

NK cells fx is what?

Example?

A

Destroy irreversibly stressed and abnormal cells

Virus-infected and tumor

24
Q

What cell marker IDs NK cells?

A

CD56

25
Q

NK cells can kill molecules via ADCC how?

A

CD16 - Fc receptor for IgG

26
Q

What do NK cells secrete?

A

IFN-gamma

27
Q

What regulates NK cells?

A

IL-2 and IL-15

28
Q

What activates killing and secretion of IFN-gamma?

A

IL-12

29
Q

MHC molecules are called what?

Encoded where?

A

HLA

Chromosome 6

30
Q

MHC class II molecules display what HLA genes?

Display what kind of antigens?

A

DP, DQ, DR

Ags that are internalized into vesicles and from extracellular microbes and soluble proteins

31
Q

MHC class I molecules display what HLA genes?

Display what kind of antigens?

A

A, B, C

Viral and tumor Ags (located in the cytoplasm)

32
Q

Which cytokines stimulate hematopoiesis?

A

GM-CSF and IL-7

33
Q

The spleen serves the same role in immune responses to ______ antigen as LN do in response to _______?

A

Blood borne

Lymph-borne Ag

34
Q

How are antigens trapped in the spleen?

A

DCs

Macrophages

35
Q

What induces Th17 cells?

What do Th17 cells produce?

A

TGF-B, IL-6, IL-1, IL-23

IL-17, IL-22

36
Q

What induces Th2?

What do Th2 cells secrete?

A

IL-4

IL-4, 5, 13

37
Q

What characterizes the immediate reaction of type I hypersensitivity?

A

Vasodilation, vascular leakage, smooth muscle spasm, granular secretions

Minutes to hours

38
Q

What characterizes the late-phase reaction in type I hypersensitivity?

A

2-24 hours after exposure w/out additional exposure
Lasts several days
Infiltration of tissue w/eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, CD4+ T cells

39
Q

What can trigger mast cells?

A 
C5a and C3a
IL-8
codeine and morphin
Adenosine
Melittin (bee venom)
Physical stimuli
40
Q

What is responsible for development of eosinophils?

A

IL-5

41
Q

What enhances IgE secretion and acts on epithelial cells to stimulate mucous secretion?

A

IL-13

42
Q

What are the most potent vasoactive and spasmogenic agents known?

A

LTC4 and LTD4

43
Q

What does PGD2 do?

A

Intense bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion

44
Q

What does PAF do?

A

Causes platelet aggregation
Release of histamine
Bronchospasm
INC vascular permeability and vasodilation

45
Q

Increased propensity to develop immediate hypersensitivity reaction is called what?

Means what?

A

Atopy

Higher serum IgE level and more IL-4 producing Th2 cells

46
Q

What commonly triggers bronchial asthma?

A

Viral infections of asthma

47
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity preferentially involve what organs?

A

Kidney (glomerulonephritis)
Joints (arthritis)
Small blood vessels (vasculitis)

48
Q

What can be used to monitor disease activity of Type III Hypersensitivity?

A

Decreased serum levels of C3

49
Q

What causes type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Inflammation resulting from cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells and cell killing by CD8+ T cells

50
Q

What do Th17 cells produce which will amplify the TH17 response?

A

IL-21

51
Q

What is the characteristic type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

Forms what?

A

Tb and PPD test

Granulomas

52
Q

When is gut microbiome formed?

A

By 3-4 years old

53
Q

What are the epithelial barriers of innate immunity?

What can it produce?

A

Skin, gi tract, respiratory tract

Antimicrobials (defensins)

COM - MOD 1 (7 decks)

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