Ch 6 Slides Part 1 - Guerin

Question 1

What are the cells of the innate immunity?

Answer 1

Monocytes/Macrophages
Neutrophils
DCs
NK cells

Question 2

What NK cells provide protection against?

Answer 2

Viruses and intracellular bacteria

Question 3

What are examples of plasma proteins?

Answer 3

Complement
Mannose-binding
Lung surfactant

Question 4

What are the extracellular PAMPs?

Answer 4

TLR

Lectin

Question 5

What are the cytosoloic PAMPs and what do they recognize?

Answer 5

NOD-like receptor - bacterial peptidoglycan, products of damaged cells

RIG-like receptor - viral RNA

Endosomal - nucleic acid of ingested microbes

Question 6

TLRs trigger activation of what TF?

What else do they stimulate?

Answer 6

NF-KB

IRFs -> type I IFN for antiviral protection

Question 7

What do NOD-like receptors recognize?

Signal what?

Answer 7

Products of necrotic cells (uri's acid and ATP)
Ion disturbances (loss of K+)

Inflammasome

Question 8

The NLR-inflammasome pathway may play a role in what?

Answer 8

Gout
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes
Atherosclerosis

Question 9

NLRP-inflammasome complex signals what?

End result?

Answer 9

Caspase-1

Secreted IL-1B and acute inflammation –> Fever

Question 10

C-type Lectin receptors detect what?

Answer 10

Fungal glycans and elicit inflammatory reactions

Question 11

RIG like receptors detect what?

Answer 11

Nucleic acids of viruses

Stimulates antiviral cytokines production

Question 12

GPCRs recognize what?

Answer 12

Peptides containing N-fMet

Question 13

Mannose receptors recognize what?

Answer 13

Microbial sugars (mannose)

Question 14

When does somatic recombination occur?

Where?

Answer 14

Lymphocyte maturation

T cells - thymus
B cells - bone marrow

Question 15

What genes are important for somatic recombination?

Answer 15

RAG-1 and RAG-2

Question 16

Where are the recombined T and B cells located?

Answer 16

T - TCR

B - Ig

Question 17

Gamma delta TCRs recognize what?

Aggregate where?

Answer 17

Peptides, lipids, small molecules
NO MHC

Epithelial surfaces (skin, GI, Urogenital tracks)

Question 18

NK-T cells recognize what?

Answer 18

Glycolipids displayed via CD1

Question 19

What proteins are part of the B-cell antigen receptor complex?

Answer 19

Igalpha and IgBeta proteins

Question 20

What other molecules are essential for B-cell signaling?

What uses this to infect B cells?

Answer 20

CR2/CD21
And CD40

EBV

Question 21

What are DCs under the epithelia called?

Answer 21

Langerhans cells in the skin

Question 22

Where are follicular DCs found?

Answer 22

Germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and LNs

Question 23

NK cells fx is what?

Example?

Answer 23

Destroy irreversibly stressed and abnormal cells

Virus-infected and tumor

Question 24

What cell marker IDs NK cells?

Answer 24

CD56

Question 25

NK cells can kill molecules via ADCC how?

Answer 25

CD16 - Fc receptor for IgG

Question 26

What do NK cells secrete?

Answer 26

IFN-gamma

Question 27

What regulates NK cells?

Answer 27

IL-2 and IL-15

Question 28

What activates killing and secretion of IFN-gamma?

Answer 28

IL-12

Question 29

MHC molecules are called what? Encoded where?

Answer 29

HLA Chromosome 6

Question 30

MHC class II molecules display what HLA genes? Display what kind of antigens?

Answer 30

DP, DQ, DR Ags that are internalized into vesicles and from extracellular microbes and soluble proteins

Question 31

MHC class I molecules display what HLA genes? Display what kind of antigens?

Answer 31

A, B, C Viral and tumor Ags (located in the cytoplasm)

Question 32

Which cytokines stimulate hematopoiesis?

Answer 32

GM-CSF and IL-7

Question 33

The spleen serves the same role in immune responses to ______ antigen as LN do in response to _______?

Answer 33

Blood borne Lymph-borne Ag

Question 34

How are antigens trapped in the spleen?

Answer 34

DCs | Macrophages

Question 35

What induces Th17 cells? What do Th17 cells produce?

Answer 35

TGF-B, IL-6, IL-1, IL-23 IL-17, IL-22

Question 36

What induces Th2? What do Th2 cells secrete?

Answer 36

IL-4 IL-4, 5, 13

Question 37

What characterizes the immediate reaction of type I hypersensitivity?

Answer 37

Vasodilation, vascular leakage, smooth muscle spasm, granular secretions Minutes to hours

Question 38

What characterizes the late-phase reaction in type I hypersensitivity?

Answer 38

2-24 hours after exposure w/out additional exposure Lasts several days Infiltration of tissue w/eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, CD4+ T cells

Question 39

What can trigger mast cells?

Answer 39

``` C5a and C3a IL-8 codeine and morphin Adenosine Melittin (bee venom) Physical stimuli ```

Question 40

What is responsible for development of eosinophils?

Answer 40

IL-5

Question 41

What enhances IgE secretion and acts on epithelial cells to stimulate mucous secretion?

Answer 41

IL-13

Question 42

What are the most potent vasoactive and spasmogenic agents known?

Answer 42

LTC4 and LTD4

Question 43

What does PGD2 do?

Answer 43

Intense bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion

Question 44

What does PAF do?

Answer 44

Causes platelet aggregation Release of histamine Bronchospasm INC vascular permeability and vasodilation

Question 45

Increased propensity to develop immediate hypersensitivity reaction is called what? Means what?

Answer 45

Atopy Higher serum IgE level and more IL-4 producing Th2 cells

Question 46

What commonly triggers bronchial asthma?

Answer 46

Viral infections of asthma

Question 47

Type III Hypersensitivity preferentially involve what organs?

Answer 47

Kidney (glomerulonephritis) Joints (arthritis) Small blood vessels (vasculitis)

Question 48

What can be used to monitor disease activity of Type III Hypersensitivity?

Answer 48

Decreased serum levels of C3

Question 49

What causes type IV hypersensitivity?

Answer 49

Inflammation resulting from cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells and cell killing by CD8+ T cells

Question 50

What do Th17 cells produce which will amplify the TH17 response?

Answer 50

IL-21

Question 51

What is the characteristic type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Forms what?

Answer 51

Tb and PPD test Granulomas

Question 52

When is gut microbiome formed?

Answer 52

By 3-4 years old

Question 53

What are the epithelial barriers of innate immunity? What can it produce?

Answer 53

Skin, gi tract, respiratory tract Antimicrobials (defensins)