Ch 6 Slides Part 1 - Guerin Flashcards
What are the cells of the innate immunity?
Monocytes/Macrophages
Neutrophils
DCs
NK cells
What NK cells provide protection against?
Viruses and intracellular bacteria
What are examples of plasma proteins?
Complement
Mannose-binding
Lung surfactant
What are the extracellular PAMPs?
TLR
Lectin
What are the cytosoloic PAMPs and what do they recognize?
NOD-like receptor - bacterial peptidoglycan, products of damaged cells
RIG-like receptor - viral RNA
Endosomal - nucleic acid of ingested microbes
TLRs trigger activation of what TF?
What else do they stimulate?
NF-KB
IRFs -> type I IFN for antiviral protection
What do NOD-like receptors recognize?
Signal what?
Products of necrotic cells (uri's acid and ATP) Ion disturbances (loss of K+)
Inflammasome
The NLR-inflammasome pathway may play a role in what?
Gout
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes
Atherosclerosis
NLRP-inflammasome complex signals what?
End result?
Caspase-1
Secreted IL-1B and acute inflammation –> Fever
C-type Lectin receptors detect what?
Fungal glycans and elicit inflammatory reactions
RIG like receptors detect what?
Nucleic acids of viruses
Stimulates antiviral cytokines production
GPCRs recognize what?
Peptides containing N-fMet
Mannose receptors recognize what?
Microbial sugars (mannose)
When does somatic recombination occur?
Where?
Lymphocyte maturation
T cells - thymus
B cells - bone marrow
What genes are important for somatic recombination?
RAG-1 and RAG-2
Where are the recombined T and B cells located?
T - TCR
B - Ig
Gamma delta TCRs recognize what?
Aggregate where?
Peptides, lipids, small molecules
NO MHC
Epithelial surfaces (skin, GI, Urogenital tracks)
NK-T cells recognize what?
Glycolipids displayed via CD1
What proteins are part of the B-cell antigen receptor complex?
Igalpha and IgBeta proteins
What other molecules are essential for B-cell signaling?
What uses this to infect B cells?
CR2/CD21
And CD40
EBV
What are DCs under the epithelia called?
Langerhans cells in the skin
Where are follicular DCs found?
Germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and LNs
NK cells fx is what?
Example?
Destroy irreversibly stressed and abnormal cells
Virus-infected and tumor
What cell marker IDs NK cells?
CD56
NK cells can kill molecules via ADCC how?
CD16 - Fc receptor for IgG
What do NK cells secrete?
IFN-gamma
What regulates NK cells?
IL-2 and IL-15
What activates killing and secretion of IFN-gamma?
IL-12
MHC molecules are called what?
Encoded where?
HLA
Chromosome 6
MHC class II molecules display what HLA genes?
Display what kind of antigens?
DP, DQ, DR
Ags that are internalized into vesicles and from extracellular microbes and soluble proteins
MHC class I molecules display what HLA genes?
Display what kind of antigens?
A, B, C
Viral and tumor Ags (located in the cytoplasm)
Which cytokines stimulate hematopoiesis?
GM-CSF and IL-7
The spleen serves the same role in immune responses to ______ antigen as LN do in response to _______?
Blood borne
Lymph-borne Ag
How are antigens trapped in the spleen?
DCs
Macrophages
What induces Th17 cells?
What do Th17 cells produce?
TGF-B, IL-6, IL-1, IL-23
IL-17, IL-22
What induces Th2?
What do Th2 cells secrete?
IL-4
IL-4, 5, 13
What characterizes the immediate reaction of type I hypersensitivity?
Vasodilation, vascular leakage, smooth muscle spasm, granular secretions
Minutes to hours
What characterizes the late-phase reaction in type I hypersensitivity?
2-24 hours after exposure w/out additional exposure
Lasts several days
Infiltration of tissue w/eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, CD4+ T cells
What can trigger mast cells?
C5a and C3a IL-8 codeine and morphin Adenosine Melittin (bee venom) Physical stimuli
What is responsible for development of eosinophils?
IL-5
What enhances IgE secretion and acts on epithelial cells to stimulate mucous secretion?
IL-13
What are the most potent vasoactive and spasmogenic agents known?
LTC4 and LTD4
What does PGD2 do?
Intense bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion
What does PAF do?
Causes platelet aggregation
Release of histamine
Bronchospasm
INC vascular permeability and vasodilation
Increased propensity to develop immediate hypersensitivity reaction is called what?
Means what?
Atopy
Higher serum IgE level and more IL-4 producing Th2 cells
What commonly triggers bronchial asthma?
Viral infections of asthma
Type III Hypersensitivity preferentially involve what organs?
Kidney (glomerulonephritis)
Joints (arthritis)
Small blood vessels (vasculitis)
What can be used to monitor disease activity of Type III Hypersensitivity?
Decreased serum levels of C3
What causes type IV hypersensitivity?
Inflammation resulting from cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells and cell killing by CD8+ T cells
What do Th17 cells produce which will amplify the TH17 response?
IL-21
What is the characteristic type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Forms what?
Tb and PPD test
Granulomas
When is gut microbiome formed?
By 3-4 years old
What are the epithelial barriers of innate immunity?
What can it produce?
Skin, gi tract, respiratory tract
Antimicrobials (defensins)
