Ch 3 - 5/6 Dobson Flashcards
Asthma is due to what cells?
Eosinophils, IgE Abs
Glomerulonephritis is due to what cells?
Acute or chronic?
Abs and complement, neutrophils, monocytes
Acute
Septic shock is due to what cells?
Acute or chronic?
Cytokines
Acute
Arthritis is due to what cells?
Acute or chronic?
Lymphocytes, macrophages
Chronic
Atherosclerosis is due to what cells?
Acute or chronic?
Macrophages, lymphocytes
Chronic
Pulmonary fibrosis is due to what cells?
Acute or chronic?
Macrophages, fibroblasts
Chronic
What kind of inflammation is characterized by the following: mostly neutrophils, prominent local and systemic signs, mild and self-limited tissue injury, fibrosis
Acute inflammation
Primary granules (azuorphilic) contain what?
How are they described?
NADPH oxidase, MPO, lysosomal enzymes
Larger
Secondary (specific) granules contain what?
Described as what?
Lysozyme, collagenase, gelatinase, lactoferrin, histaminase
Smaller
What is the source of histamine?
Action?
Mast cells, basophils, platelets
Vasodilation, INC vascular permeability, endothelial activation
What is the source of PGs?
Action?
Mast cells, leukocytes
Vasodilation, pain fever
What is the source of LTs?
Action?
Mast cells, leukocytes
Inc vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion and activation
What is the source of cytokines?
Action?
Macrophages, endothelial cells
Local: endothelial activation
Systemic: fever, metabolic abnormalities, hypotension (shock)
What is the source of PAF?
Action?
Leukocytes, mast cells
Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, oxidative burst, de granulation
What is the source of complement?
Action?
Plasma (made in liver)
Leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, vasodilation, direct target killing
What is the source of kinins?
Action?
Plasma (made in liver)
INC vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, pain
What PGs or LTs are responsible for vasodilation?
PGI2, PGE1, PGE2, PGD2
DIEE12
What PGs or LTs are responsible for vasoconstriction?
TxA2, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
What PGs or LTs are responsible for increased vascular permeability?
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
What PGs or LTs are responsible for chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion?
LTB4, HETE
What PGs or LTs are responsible for bronchospasm?
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
What do steroids inhibit?
Phospholipases
Therefore the entire PG/LT pathway
What is an inhibitor of inflammation?
What enzyme makes these?
LXA4 and LXB4
12-LO
What are the key mediators of chronic inflammation?
IL-12
IFN-gamma
IL-17
What is the source of IL-12?
Action in inflammation?
DC, macrophages
INC production of IFN-gamma
What is the source of IFN-gamma?
Action in inflammation?
T lymphocytes, NK cells
Activation of macrophages
What is the source of IL-17?
Action in inflammation?
T lymphocytes
Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes
What is the source of TNF?
Action in inflammation?
Macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes
Stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines
What is the source of IL-1?
Action in inflammation?
Macrophages, endothelial cells
similar to TNF
Important in Fever
What is the source of IL-6?
Action in inflammation?
Macrophages
Acute phase response
Complement system is a collection of what kind of proteins?
Soluble
What are the actions of bradykinin?
INC vascular permeability
Causes contraction of smooth muscle
Dilation of blood vessels
Pain when injected into skin
Serous inflammation is most commonly seen in what body cavities?
Peritoneum, pleura, pericardium
Suppurative or liquefactive necrosis indicates what kind of infection?
Bacterial infection
Chronic inflammation causes include persistent infection, what are some of the most common?
Myobacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasites
What kind of cells typify chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
What activates M1 macrophages?
Microbes, IFN-gamma
M1 Macrophages secrete what cytokines that will increase inflammation?
IL-1, IL-12, IL-23
M1 macrophages can perform phagocytosis, via what mediators?
ROS, NO, lysosomal enzymes
What activates M2 Macrophages?
IL-4, IL-13
M2 macrophages secrete what cytokines for tissue repair and fibrosis?
Anti-inflammatory effects?
GFs, TGF-B
IL-10, TGF-B
What type of CD4 cells is responsible for defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi?
Secretes what cytokines?
TH17
IL-17, IL-22
Granulomatous inflammation is a form of chronic inflammation characterized by what type of cells?
Sometimes associated with what?
Activated macrophages and T lymphocytes
Central necrosis
What are the systemic effects of inflammation?
Fever
Acute-phase reactants
Leukocytosis
What are the 4 clinically important acute-phase reactants?
CRP
Fibrinogen
SAA
Hepcidin
Elevated CRP indicates what?
risk for MI
Fibrinogen is measured how?
ESR, rouleaux formation
Hepcidin is measured for what?
Anemia of chronic disease
Bacterial infections are characterized by what cells usually?
Viral?
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Decreased white cells is called what?
Leukopenia
Allergies and parasite infections are characterized by what?
Eosinophils
What is a left shift?
Putting out increased numbers of immature forms of neutrophils in the blood
What are organs/locations where you do not what fibrosis?
Eye Lung GI Heart Skin Liver
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is due to what cells?
Neutrophils
Who said that inflammation is not a disease, but a stereotypic response?
John Hunter
Who established the concept that chemical substances like histamine mediate vascular change in inflammation?
Sir Thomas Lewis