Ch 6 Semantics Vocab Module 6 Flashcards
Prototype
for any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some word Y.
Hypernym
X is then said to be a hyponym of Y and Y is a hypernym of X.
sister terms
Words that , in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, have exactly the same hypernyms
synonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same
antonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite
complementary antonyms
Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither.
gradable antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.
reverses
Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that undoes the movement suggested by the other
converses
Autonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.
preposition
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with , etc
truth value
Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.
truth conditions
The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.
entailment
A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q.
mutual entailmet
The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.
incompatible
The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.
principle of compositionality
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable form the meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.
compositional Semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions.
idiom
A multi-word lexical expression whose meanings is not compositional.
pure intersection
The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things.
intersective adjectives
An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.
subsective adjectives
Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.
non-intersection
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to.
anti-intersection adjectives
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred by the noun that it modifies.
semantics
The study of linguistic meanings
lexical symantics
A sub field of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.
compositional semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions.
sense
A mental representation of an expression’s meaning.
reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expressions to entities in the outside world.
referents
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.
