Ch 4 Morphology Module 5 Flashcards
affix
Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem
affixation
Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes.
agglutinating language
A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes.
allomorph
One of a set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same functions and are phonetically similar.
alternation
In phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related.
ambiguity
The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.
analytic language
Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes.
bound morpheme
Morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself.
bound root
Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right.
closed lexical category
Lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time.
compounding
Word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more independent words.
conjunction
A lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.
content morpheme
Morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function).
content word
A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs. All free content morphemes are content words.
derivation
In phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it.
determiner
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a this, all, etc.
form
The structure or shape of any particular linguistic item from individual segments to strings of words.
free morpheme
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.
function morpheme
Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.
function word
A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase.
fusional language
a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem.
hierarchical structure
The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word, or among constituents in a phrase.
homophony
The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form.
incorporation
Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language.
infix
A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem.
inflection
A morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as a person, number, tense, gender, etc.
input
The linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules.
lexical category
Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties.
lexicon
A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological and syntactic properties.
morpheme
Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.
morphology
The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes.
open lexical category
Lexical category into which new members are often introduced.
output
The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or set of rules.
partial reduplication
Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated.
polysynthetic language
A type of language that attaches several affixed to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships.
prefix
Affix that attached to the beginning of a stem.
productive
Describes a rule (such as a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem) that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms.
pronoun
The name of a lexical category that consist of words such as I, she, us, etc.
reduplicant
The morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication.
reduplication
Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word.
root
The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach.
simultaneous affix
An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a words stem. exists on in visual gestural languages.
stem
The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added.
suffix
Affix that attaches to the end of a stem.
suppletion
A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other.
Preposition
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consist of expression such as of, in , for , with ,etc.
