Ch. 6 Race and Racism Flashcards

1
Q

race

A

a flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups

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2
Q

racism

A

individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups

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3
Q

genotype

A

the inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism’s physical form

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4
Q

phenotype

A

the way genes are expressed in an organism’s physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors

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5
Q

colonialism

A

the practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic, and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor and markets in other countries or regions

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6
Q

miscegenation

A

a demeaning historical term for interracial marriage

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7
Q

white supremacy

A

the belief that whites are biologically different and superior to people of other races

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8
Q

whiteness

A

a culturally constructed concept originating in 1691 Virginia designed to establish clear boundaries of who is white and who is not, a process central to the formation of U.S. racial stratification

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9
Q

Jim Crow

A

laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to leglly enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery

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10
Q

hypodescent

A

sometimes called the “one drop of blood rule”; the assignment of children of racially “mixed” unions to the subordinate group

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11
Q

nativism

A

favoring certain long-term inhabitants over new immigrants

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12
Q

eugenics

A

a pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove that existence of separate human races to improve the population’s genetic composition by favoring some races over others

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13
Q

racialization

A

to categorize, differentiate and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people

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14
Q

individual racism

A

personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race

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15
Q

institutional racism

A

patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies and systems

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16
Q

racial ideology

A

a set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational and normal