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Operations and Supply Chain Management > CH 6: Process Design and Facility Layout > Flashcards

CH 6: Process Design and Facility Layout Flashcards

1
Q

product or service design

A

determining form and function of the product or service

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2
Q

how do organizations choose which product/service they will offer

A

based on expected profit contribution of that product/service

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3
Q

process selection

A

deciding on the way production of goods and services will be organized

this effects capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment, and design of work systems

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4
Q

key aspects of process strategy

A

capital intensity, process flexibility

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5
Q

capital intensity

A

mix of equipment and labour that will be used by the organization

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6
Q

process felxibility

A

degree to which the system can be adjusted to changes in processing requirements

factors: changes in product or service design, changes in volume processed, changes in technology

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7
Q

key questions in process selection

A
  1. how much variety will the process need to be able to handle
  2. how much volume will the process need to be able to handle
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8
Q

first step in process selection

A

consider wether to make or buy some or all of the product or a segment of the production process

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9
Q

process types

A

job shops, batch, repetitive, continuous, project

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10
Q

job shops

A

small scale, high variety, high flexibility
(hair salon, surgery)

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11
Q

batch

A

moderate volume, moderate variety, moderate flexibility
(bread, cookies, beer)

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12
Q

repetitive

A

high volumes, low variety (standardized), low flexibility
(automobiles, cell phones)

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13
Q

continuous

A

very high volumes, no variety, no flexibility
(gas, steel)

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14
Q

project

A

non repetitive set of activities with a unique set of objectives, limited time frame, and budget
(building a bridge)

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15
Q

intermittent process

A

grouped together based on similar processes or functions, no one typical product, large variety of items, low volumes, unique processing needs

project, batch, job shop

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16
Q

repetitive operations

A

resources arranged in sequence to allow for efficient production of a standardized product

repetitive, continuous

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17
Q

product or service profiling

A

identify key product or service dimensions and then selecting appropriate processes, avoids inconsistencies

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18
Q

key dimensions of product or service

A

variety, volume, pricing strategies, expected frequency of schedule changes, and order winning requirements

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19
Q

how to achieve sustainable goals

A

processes should be designed and operated that:
reduce, eliminate, or recycle waste on site
eliminate chemical substances, physical agents, and conditions that present hazards
energy and material are conserved, forms of energy and material are most appropriate for desired ending
minimize or eliminate chemical, ergonomic, and physical hazard

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20
Q

lean process design

A

focuses on waste reduction, variance reduction in workload over the entire process to achieve level production and improve process flow

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21
Q

technological innovation

A

discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them

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22
Q

technology

A

applications of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of goods and services and/or the processes that produce or provide them

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23
Q

process technology

A

methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and provide services

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24
Q

information technology (IT)

A

science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store, process, and send information

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25
Q

automation

A

is machinery that have sensing and control devices that enable them automatically

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26
Q

fixed automation

A

uses high-cost, specialized equipment for fixed sequence of operations. low unit cost and high volume are its primary advantages; minimal variety and the high cost of making major changes are its primary limitations

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27
Q

programmable automation

A

involves the use of high cost, flexible equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operation and specific details about each operation

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28
Q

numerically controlled machines

A

programmed to follow a sequence of processing instructions based on mathematical relationships that tell the machine the details of the operations to be performed

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29
Q

industrial robot

A

consists of three parts: a mechanical arm, a power supply, and a controller. robots can handle a wide variety of tasks including welding, assembly, loading to and unloading from machines, painting, and testing

30
Q

3D printer

A

type of industrial robot that is controlled using computer assisted design. 3D printing involves processes that create objects by applying successive layers of materials to create objects

31
Q

drones

A

unmanned aircraft, usually small, and remotely controlled or programmed to fly to a specific location

32
Q

flexible automation

A

evolved from programmable automation. it uses the equipment that is more customizable than programmable automation. a key difference between the two is that flexible automation requires significantly less changeover time

33
Q

automated services

A

atms, online banking, online journals and databases, electronic airplane tickets, self-service store checkout, automated toll payments, automatic meter reading, and automated package sorting and mall processing

34
Q

green technologies

A

mitigates or reverses the effects of human activity on the environment

35
Q

process design

A

determines the structure of a process, resources, and controls needed for a particular process

36
Q

process design key steps

A
  1. define the production process
  2. determine production process development
  3. buy the machines and equipment, recruit workers, and start trial runs
37
Q

defining the production process

A

determine how completed the input materials should be
set production process objectives
determine the nature of the process in general

38
Q

determining the production process development

A

conceptualize the design
make embodiment of the design
create a detailed design

39
Q

process design tools

A

process flow analysis
flowchart

40
Q

design considerations

A

make-to-stock strategy
assemble-to-order strategy
make-to0order strategy

41
Q

process flow diagram components

A

triangles = storage
rectangle = operation

42
Q

linking product design and process selection

A

type of operation is directly related to product and service strategy

43
Q

make-to-stock strategy

A

produces standard products and services for immediate sale of delivery

44
Q

assembly-to-order strategy

A

produces standard components that can be combined to customer specifications

45
Q

made-to-order strategy

A

produces products to customer specifications after an order has been received

46
Q

service process design

A

instead of material, the flow of the customer or something belonging to the customer should be followed.
focuses on customer experience, and the service process is usually measured by the value it creates for the customer

47
Q

service blueprint

A

process flow diagram for a service

48
Q

process map

A

used by multi functional process design team.

grouping of functions is done by function and roles within a function

49
Q

layout

A

arrangement of departments, work centres, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work through the system

50
Q

why are layout decisions important

A

require substantial investments of money and effort
involve long-term commitments, which makes mistakes difficult to overcome
they have a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of operations

51
Q

what is layout planning

A

deciding the best physical arrangement of all resources that consume space within a facility

52
Q

types of layout

A

product layout
process layout
fixed-position layouts
hybrid layouts

53
Q

process layouts

A

designed to process customized, low-volume products or provide services that involve a variety of processing requirements

54
Q

product layout

A

arrange resources in sequence to allow for an efficient buildup of the product

used to achieve a smooth and rapid flow of large volumes and low varieties of goods or customers through a system

55
Q

fixed-position layout

A

item is being worked on remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved about as needed

56
Q

hybrid layouts

A

combine elements of both product and process layouts, maintain some of the efficiencies of product layouts and some flexibility of process layouts, group technology or cell layouts, identify parts of the process layout operation that can be standardized and produce them in a product layout format

57
Q

cellular layout

A

machines are arranged in a cell that can process items with similar processing requirements, called a part family

small version of a product layout

58
Q

flexible manufacturing system

A

group of machining centres, controlled by a computer, with automatic material handling, robots, or other automated equipment

produce a variety of similar products

59
Q

process layouts

A

degree of customer contact and the degree of customization are two key factors in service layout design

60
Q

steps in designing product layout

A
  1. identify tasks and their immediate procedures
  2. determine output rate
  3. determine cycle time
  4. computer theoretical minimum number of stations
  5. assign tasks to workstations
  6. compute efficiency, idle time, and balance delay
61
Q

assembly line balancing

A

deciding how to assign takes to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements

62
Q

maximum output

A

amount of time available during day / time needed to produce one unit of output

63
Q

cycle time

A

CT = Operating time per day / desired output per day

64
Q

theoretical minimum number of workstations

A

sum of task times / cycle time

always round up (no partial work stations)

65
Q

percentage idle time

A

( sum of idle times per unit / (actual number of workstations x cycle time) ) x 100

66
Q

precedence network

A

diagram of activities and their sequential relationships, using nodes and arrows

67
Q

how to assign tasks to workstations

A

start at first station and choose the longest eligible task following precedence relationships
continue adding the longest eligible task that fits without going over the desired cycle time

68
Q

efficiency

A

sum of task lengths / NC

69
Q

balance delay

A

amount by which the line falls short of 100%

70
Q

treatment of bottleneck

A
  1. tasks in bottleneck workstation can be automated or made easier using equipment such as a tool balancer
70
Q
A
71
Q
A

Operations and Supply Chain Management (7 decks)

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