CH. 6 - Microscopic Examination of Urine (Lecture) Flashcards
Increases overall visibility of sediment elements being examined using bright field microscopy by changing their refractive index.
Staining
The most frequently used stain in urinalysis; consists of crystal violet and safranin O
Sternheimer-Malbin
aka. Sedi-stain (Becton-Dickinson, Parsipanny, N.J.)
aka. KOVA stain (Hycor Biomedical, Inc, Garden Grove, Calif.)
A metachromatic stain that provides enhancement of nuclear detail
0.5% solution of toluidine blue
A stain that differentiates WBCs and Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells
Toluidine blue
A stain that delineates structure and contrasting colors of the nucleus and cytoplasm
Sternheimer-Malbin
A stain that identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts
Sternheimer-Malbin
A stain that lyses RBCs and enhances nuclei of WBCs
2% acetic acid
A stain that distinguishes RBCs from WBCs, yeast, oil, droplets, and crystals
2% acetic acid
Stains triglycerides and neutral fats orange-red;
identifies free fat droplets and lipid-containing cells and casts
Lipid stains: Oil Red O and Sudan III
Differentiates gram+ and gram- bacteria; identifies bacterial casts
Gram stain
The preferred stain for urinary eosinophils
Hansel stain
Consists of methylene blue and eosin Y (stains eosinophilic granules)
Hansel stain
Stains hemosiderin granules a blue color
Prussian blue
Stains structures containing iron; identifies yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin in cells and casts
Prussian blue
Type of microscopy used when using lipid stains
Polarizing microscopy
Type of microscopy wherein objects appear dark against a clear background; most frequently used in the clinical laboratory
Bright-Field microscopy
The use of _____ aids in the identification of crystals and lipids. Both substances have the ability to rotate the path of the unidirectional polarized light beam to produce characteristic colors in crystals and Maltese cross formation in lipids.
Polarized light
A property indicating that the element can refract light in two dimensions at 90 degrees to each other
Birefringement
Type of microscopy that provides a three dimensional image showing very fine structural detail by splitting the light ray so that the beams pass through different areas of the specimen.
Interference contrast microscopy
Type of microscopy wherein an object appears bright against a dark background but without the diffraction halo associated with phase-contrast microscopy.
Interference contrast microscopy
A technique used in the clinical laboratory to enhance the visualization of specimens that cannot be seen easily viewed with a bright-field microscope.
Dark-field microscopy
Type of microscopy used for unstained specimens, and, in particular, to identify the spirochete Treponema pallidum
Dark-field microscopy
Used to detect bacteria and viruses within cells and tissues through a technique called immunofluorescence
Fluorescence microsopy
In the urine, these aapear as smooth, non-nucleated, biconcave disks measuring approximately 7mm in diameter; must be identified using HPO
RBCs