ch 6 messengers Flashcards
Paracrine/Autocrine: communication with neighboring cells through increased gradient of messenger
Juxtacrine
Non-secretion, surface to surface signaling
Neurotransmitter: release from neuron at synapse
Hormones: released from glands into blood, long distance signal
Non-specificity, specificity and affinity
A given receptor can bind several messengers (agonists) to varying degrees but generally gives only a single, specific response.
Drugs
mimic ligands for a desired effect
Affinity
how do ligands connect to their proteins
shape and charge
a greater affinity is better matched charge and shape
saturation stops bound ligands from plateauing
False, it causes it
efficacy vs. potency
Efficacy: can get the same response
Potency: high response from less dose
Why is diabetic urine sweet?
There is more glucose in their system than glucose receptors, so toxic levels of glucose in the bloodstream lead to sugar in the urine.
You can become temporarily diabetic from stressful situations
true
what can effect cell response
doubling the receptors, efficacy and potencies of ligands
agonist
a ligand that binds receptor and cause a biological response.
Antagonist
a ligand that binds receptor and does not cause a biological response. May outcompete endogenous ligand
VX gas
neurotoxin outlawed by the geneva convention
What does VX gas do?
VX gas inhibits acetylcholinesterase thereby inhibiting the presence of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) in the synaptic cleft. This causes hyperstimulation of neural pathways including uncontrolled contraction of the diaphragm (and other muscles) leading to death.
What saves you from VX gas
an antagonist will bind to the receptors, that would block the gas from binding
Who is Kim Jun-nam?
Kim jon Un’s half borther who was killed by a VX Gel
Catecholamines and peptide hormones
kinases
add phosphates to targets like other proteins
It’s also picky
ADP is inactive and _____ tweaks the shape adds a phophate to it
Protien Kinase
Adding a phophate does what to a protein
activates it
Protein Phosphatase vs Protein Kinase
PP takes away; PK adds
G-Protein linked receptors are few and rare and a not very druggable target, and are open to most ligands
FALSE, over 800 types, all over the bodies, lots of money is made from these guys, very specific
cAMP (Cylilic AMP)
Adenine Monophosphate
GTP/GDP binding and hydrolysis affects Ga activation and deactivation
Aplification
a way to amplify signals from small ligands, 1 molecule to 10,000,000 molecules
Gs vs Gi
Gs is a stimulatory Gi is an inhibitory
what is a lipophilic messenger?
Testosterone, any steroids they go through membranes, thats why steroid gel works
estrogen, cortisone , etc
insulin is another hormone
a peptide hormone. Must inject it, gel doesn’t work
Lipophilic vs phobic
Philic : long-lasting, but slow
Phobic: short acting but quick
