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CS 335 - Computer Networks > Ch. 6 - Link Layer & LANs > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Link Layer & LANs Flashcards

1
Q

Link Layer

A

Layer responsible for node-to-node data transfer.

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network for connecting devices in proximity.

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3
Q

Multiple Access Protocols

A

Methods for multiple devices to share a channel.

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4
Q

Framing

A

Encapsulating datagrams into frames for transmission.

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5
Q

MAC Address

A

Unique identifier for network interface at link layer.

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6
Q

Half-Duplex

A

Communication mode where transmission is one-way at a time.

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7
Q

Full-Duplex

A

Communication mode allowing simultaneous two-way transmission.

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8
Q

VLAN

A

Virtual Local Area Network for segmenting network traffic.

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9
Q

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

A

Error-detecting code for ensuring data integrity.

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10
Q

Point-to-Point Link

A

Direct connection between two network nodes.

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11
Q

Broadcast Link

A

Shared medium allowing multiple devices to communicate.

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12
Q

Signal Attenuation

A

Loss of signal strength during transmission.

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13
Q

Noise

A

Unwanted electrical signals interfering with data transmission.

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14
Q

Datagram

A

Basic unit of data used in packet-switched networks.

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15
Q

Transport Segment

A

Data unit passed between transport and link layers.

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16
Q

Redundancy

A

Extra data added for error detection and correction.

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17
Q

Two-Dimensional Bit Parity

A

Error detection method using rows and columns of bits.

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18
Q

Single Bit Parity

A

Error detection using a single parity bit.

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19
Q

Link Virtualization

A

Abstracting physical links for improved resource management.

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20
Q

Shared Wire

A

Physical medium for multiple nodes to communicate.

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21
Q

Shared Radio

A

Wireless medium allowing multiple nodes to transmit.

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22
Q

Collision

A

Interference when multiple nodes transmit simultaneously.

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23
Q

Multiple Access Protocol

A

Algorithm for nodes to share communication channels.

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24
Q

Channel Partitioning

A

Divides channel into exclusive segments for nodes.

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25
Q

Random Access

A

Allows nodes to transmit without prior coordination.

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26
Q

Taking Turns

A

Nodes transmit sequentially, allowing longer turns.

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27
Q

What is ALOHA?

A

Random access protocol allowing unsynchronized transmissions.

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28
Q

Slotted ALOHA

A

Transmissions occur at the start of time slots.

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29
Q

Efficiency of ALOHA

A

Maximum throughput of Pure ALOHA is 18%.

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30
Q

What is CSMA?

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access; listen before transmitting.

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31
Q

What is CSMA/CD?

A

Collision Detection in CSMA; aborts on collision.

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32
Q

Polling

A

Controller node invites others to transmit in turn.

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33
Q

Token Passing

A

Control token passed sequentially among nodes.

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34
Q

Backoff Algorithm

A

Random wait time after collision before retransmitting.

35
Q

Channel Data Rate (R)

A

Maximum data transmission rate of a channel.

36
Q

Synchronization

A

Nodes must coordinate timing for effective communication.

37
Q

Collision Detection

A

Identifying simultaneous transmissions to minimize waste.

38
Q

Jam Signal

A

Signal sent to indicate a collision has occurred.

39
Q

Exponential Backoff

A

Increases wait time exponentially after each collision.

40
Q

Transmission Latency

A

Delay experienced before a node can transmit.

41
Q

Single Point of Failure

A

System vulnerability where one component failure halts operation.

42
Q

Cable Headend

A

Facility where cable signals are processed.

43
Q

What is CMTS?

A

Cable Modem Termination System for managing cable modems.

44
Q

Cable Modem

A

Device that connects a home network to the internet.

45
Q

Upstream Channel

A

Path for data sent from users to CMTS.

46
Q

Downstream Channel

A

Path for data sent from CMTS to users.

47
Q

What is DOCSIS?

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification standard.

48
Q

MAP Frame

A

Management frame for upstream slot assignments.

49
Q

Random Access Protocols

A

Protocols allowing multiple users to access channels.

50
Q

CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance.

51
Q

Ethernet Frame

A

Data packet format used in Ethernet networks.

52
Q

MAC Table

A

Table mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses.

53
Q

Minislots

A

Small time slots for upstream data transmission.

54
Q

Contention

A

Competition among users for channel access.

55
Q

Preamble

A

Synchronization pattern for sender and receiver clocks.

56
Q

Switch

A

Link-layer device that forwards Ethernet frames.

57
Q

Broadcast domain

A

Logical division of a network segment for broadcasts.

58
Q

Port-based VLAN

A

VLANs defined by switch port assignments.

59
Q

Ethernet payload

A

Data carried within an Ethernet frame.

60
Q

Link virtualization

A

Techniques to create virtual links over physical networks.

61
Q

Ethernet speeds

A

Range from 10 Mbps to 400 Gbps.

62
Q

Switch forwarding table

A

Table mapping MAC addresses to switch interfaces.

63
Q

Self-learning switch

A

Switch that learns MAC addresses dynamically.

64
Q

Dynamic membership

A

Ports can be assigned among VLANs dynamically.

65
Q

Forwarding between VLANs

A

Requires routing, similar to separate switches.

66
Q

Trunk port

A

Carries frames between VLANs across switches.

67
Q

802.1Q protocol

A

Adds VLAN ID info to Ethernet frames.

68
Q

Label-switched router

A

Router that forwards based on label value.

69
Q

Traffic engineering

A

Routes flows differently based on source/destination.

70
Q

Fast reroute

A

Pre-computes backup paths for link failures.

71
Q

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

A

High-speed IP forwarding using fixed-length labels.

72
Q

MPLS signaling

A

Uses modified protocols to carry MPLS info.

73
Q

RSVP-TE

A

Signaling protocol for MPLS forwarding setup.

74
Q

Border routers

A

Connect datacenter to external networks.

75
Q

Tier-1 switches

A

Connect to multiple Tier-2 switches.

76
Q

Top of Rack (TOR) switch

A

Connects server blades within a rack.

77
Q

Application-layer routing

A

Load balancer directs requests within datacenter.

78
Q

RoCE

A

Remote DMA over Converged Ethernet.

79
Q

Data center challenges

A

Managing load and ensuring reliability.

80
Q

MPLS forwarding table

A

Distinct from IP forwarding tables.

81
Q

A day in the life

A

Synthesis of protocols in web request process.

82
Q

Demultiplexing

A

Process of separating multiple signals into individual streams.

83
Q

First-hop Router

A

Initial router that forwards packets from a client.

CS 335 - Computer Networks (7 decks)

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