Ch. 6 Intro To The Skeletal System

Question 1

All of the bones and their cartilages, along with ___ and ___, constitute the skeletal system

Answer 1

Ligaments and tendons

Question 2

___ tissue stores and releases minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus.

Answer 2

Osseous

Question 3

Bones are classified by shape into 5 principal types: long, short, ___, irregular, and sesamoid.

Answer 3

Flat

Question 4

The cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called the ___

Answer 4

Diaphysis

Question 5

The space within the diaphysis that contains ___ marrow is called the medullary cavity.

Answer 5

Yellow

Question 6

This distal and proximal ends of a long bone are called the ___

Answer 6

Epiphyses

Question 7

The ___ is a connective tissue sheath surrounding the bone

Answer 7

Periosteum

Question 8

The two types of osseous tissue are compact bone tissue and ___ bone tissue

Answer 8

Spongy

Question 9

What is the name of bone-destroying cells?

Answer 9

Osteoclasts

Question 10

What is the name of bone-building cells?

Answer 10

Osteoblasts

Question 11

___ are the major reservoir for calcium in the body

Answer 11

Bones

Question 12

The skeleton is constructed of two of the most supportive tissues found in the human body: ____ and bone

Answer 12

Cartilage

Question 13

In embryos, the skeleton is predominantly made up of ____ cartilage

Answer 13

Hyaline

Question 14

Hyaline cartilage contains prominent chondrocytes and not visible ___ fibers, and provides flexible support and ___ ___

Answer 14

Collagen

Shock absorption

Question 15

The red marrow cavities of bones provide a site for _____ (blood cell formation)

Answer 15

Hematopoiesis

Question 16

The skeleton is made up of bones that are connected at ____

Answer 16

Joints

Question 17

The skeleton is subdivided into two divisions:

Answer 17

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 18

____ cartilages cover the bone ends at moveable joints

Answer 18

Articular

Question 19

Which cartilage connects the ribs to the sternum?

Answer 19

Costal

Question 20

____ cartilage largely constructs the larynx

Answer 20

Laryngeal

Question 21

Tracheal and bronchial cartilages reinforce other passageways of the ____ system

Answer 21

Respiratory

Question 22

___ cartilage supports the external nose

Answer 22

Nasal

Question 23

Cartilage tissues are distinguished by the fact that they contain no ____ and very few blood vessels.

Answer 23

Nerves

Question 24

___ cartilage is much more flexible than hyaline cartilage, and it tolerates repeated bending. Only the cartilages of the external ear and the epiglottis are ___ cartilage.

Answer 24

Elastic

Question 25

___ cartilage has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression, is used to the construct the intervertebral discs and the cartilages within the knee joint.

Answer 25

Fibrocartilage

Question 26

How many bones comprise the normal adult human skeleton?

Answer 26

206

Question 27

___ bone looks smooth and homogeneous

Answer 27

Compact

Question 28

____ bones, such as the femur and phalanges, are much longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end.

Answer 28

Long

Question 29

Long bones are composed mostly of ___ bone

Answer 29

Compact

Question 30

___ bones are typically cube shaped, and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone. Tarsals and carpals are examples.

Answer 30

Short

Question 31

___ bones are generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them.

Answer 31

Flat

Question 32

The vertebrae are ___ bones

Answer 32

Irregular

Question 33

Sesamoid bones are special types of short bones formed within ____. The patellas (kneecaps) are an example.

Answer 33

Tendons

Question 34

The hardness of bone is due to the inorganic ___ ___ deposited in its ground substance.

Answer 34

Calcium salts

Question 35

Osteons have a central canal where what can be found?

Answer 35

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Question 36

Do spongy bone tissues contain osteons?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Are bones vascular or avascular?

Answer 37

Vascular

Question 38

What is the formation of bones called?

Answer 38

Ossification

Question 39

Vitamin D enhances absorption of what from food?

Answer 39

Calcium

Question 40

The periosteum and endosteum contain ____-forming cells

Answer 40

Bone