Ch. 6 Intro To The Skeletal System Flashcards
All of the bones and their cartilages, along with ___ and ___, constitute the skeletal system
Ligaments and tendons
___ tissue stores and releases minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus.
Osseous
Bones are classified by shape into 5 principal types: long, short, ___, irregular, and sesamoid.
Flat
The cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called the ___
Diaphysis
The space within the diaphysis that contains ___ marrow is called the medullary cavity.
Yellow
This distal and proximal ends of a long bone are called the ___
Epiphyses
The ___ is a connective tissue sheath surrounding the bone
Periosteum
The two types of osseous tissue are compact bone tissue and ___ bone tissue
Spongy
What is the name of bone-destroying cells?
Osteoclasts
What is the name of bone-building cells?
Osteoblasts
___ are the major reservoir for calcium in the body
Bones
The skeleton is constructed of two of the most supportive tissues found in the human body: ____ and bone
Cartilage
In embryos, the skeleton is predominantly made up of ____ cartilage
Hyaline
Hyaline cartilage contains prominent chondrocytes and not visible ___ fibers, and provides flexible support and ___ ___
Collagen
Shock absorption
The red marrow cavities of bones provide a site for _____ (blood cell formation)
Hematopoiesis
The skeleton is made up of bones that are connected at ____
Joints
The skeleton is subdivided into two divisions:
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
____ cartilages cover the bone ends at moveable joints
Articular
Which cartilage connects the ribs to the sternum?
Costal
____ cartilage largely constructs the larynx
Laryngeal
Tracheal and bronchial cartilages reinforce other passageways of the ____ system
Respiratory
___ cartilage supports the external nose
Nasal
Cartilage tissues are distinguished by the fact that they contain no ____ and very few blood vessels.
Nerves
___ cartilage is much more flexible than hyaline cartilage, and it tolerates repeated bending. Only the cartilages of the external ear and the epiglottis are ___ cartilage.
Elastic
___ cartilage has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression, is used to the construct the intervertebral discs and the cartilages within the knee joint.
Fibrocartilage
How many bones comprise the normal adult human skeleton?
206
___ bone looks smooth and homogeneous
Compact
____ bones, such as the femur and phalanges, are much longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end.
Long
Long bones are composed mostly of ___ bone
Compact
___ bones are typically cube shaped, and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone. Tarsals and carpals are examples.
Short
___ bones are generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them.
Flat
The vertebrae are ___ bones
Irregular
Sesamoid bones are special types of short bones formed within ____. The patellas (kneecaps) are an example.
Tendons
The hardness of bone is due to the inorganic ___ ___ deposited in its ground substance.
Calcium salts
Osteons have a central canal where what can be found?
Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Do spongy bone tissues contain osteons?
No
Are bones vascular or avascular?
Vascular
What is the formation of bones called?
Ossification
Vitamin D enhances absorption of what from food?
Calcium
The periosteum and endosteum contain ____-forming cells
Bone
