Ch 6: Integument

Question 1

interface between internal and external environments; 15% total body weight

Answer 1

Integument

Question 2

stratified squamous epithelium derived from ectoderm

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

mitotically active, lies adjacent to basal lamina

Answer 3

stratum germinativum

Question 4

keratinized cells transformed outward from stratum germinativum toward surface

Answer 4

stratum corneum

Question 5

mesodermally derived supplemented with neural crest cells, which give rise to chromatophores

Answer 5

dermis

Question 6

skin coloration; blushing, refractory structures; pigment production in response to solar radiation

Answer 6

structural

Question 7

chromatophore; melanin, dark

Answer 7

melanophores

Question 8

chromatophore; platelets of purine disperse light

Answer 8

iridophores

Question 9

chromatophore; yellow

Answer 9

xanthophores

Question 10

chromatophore; red

Answer 10

erythrophores

Question 11

combines a set of different chromatophores to modify coloration; short (blue) wave lengths reflected by skin; longer (red) wave lengths absorbed by melanophores; blue light reflected through yellow xanthophores = green color

Answer 11

dermal chromatophore unit

Question 12

originate as epidermal outgrowth; epidermal replacement by loss of large sheets of skin

Answer 12

scales

Question 13

epidermal outgrowth; light construction; rigid shape; prevents permanent damage and restores shape by hooklets

Answer 13

feathers

Question 14

mammalian synapomorphy; thick keratinized epidermis; reduces water loss

Answer 14

skin (mammalian)

Question 15

shaft in the follicle that grows down in dermis, unique evolutionary derivative.

Answer 15

hair

Question 16

guard hairs; underhair; quills, vibrissae

Answer 16

pelage

Question 17

mammalian skin gland; branched alveolar structure, oily holocrine secretion; bud from hair follicle

Answer 17

sebaceous

Question 18

coiled, tubular shape; secretions released without cell destruction or by rupture of tip; help discharge sweat; watery, copious secretion

Answer 18

sweat glands

Question 19

invaginations from skin surface, discharge directly onto skin

Answer 19

eccrine

Question 20

outgrowth of hair follicle; scent glands, responsible for body odors; wax glands

Answer 20

apocrine

Question 21

only occur in mammals; characteristics of both sebaceous and sweat glands; branched alveolar structure; copious secretions, hormonal control, myoepithelial cells, adipose tissue; develop along milk ridge

Answer 21

mammary glands

Question 22

type of mammary gland protrusion; multiple ducts open to surface

Answer 22

nipples

Question 23

type of mammary gland protrusion; single duct opening to the surface, multiple openings to cistern reservoir

Answer 23

teat

Question 24

keratinous feeding structure in mysticete whales

Answer 24

baleen

Question 25

claws, nails, horns, antlers, baleen

Answer 25

keratin derivates