Ch 6 Health of Younger Adults-Health in Early Adulthood

Question 1

are the risks of older adults, kids or young adults the most varied

Answer 1

young adults

Question 2

what are the most common causes of moratlity in young adults in Europe vs reproductive age adult in afric

Answer 2

euro-cardiovascular

afr-HIV/AIDS

Question 3

• Leading causes of morbidity, mortality and disability or young adults worldwide are…

Answer 3

mental health disorders,
injuries (primarily road-traffic accidents),
infectious diseases, and
preg- related conditions

Question 4

what happens to causes of mortality morbidity disability as people age

Answer 4

• As adults age primary causes shift from injuries, HIV/AIDS, and suicide to heart dx and stroke

Question 5

what kind of conditions acount for half of all lost DALYs

and are leading cause of disability (in gen)http://www.healthdata.org/india

Answer 5

• Neuropsych conditions such as depression, bipolar, schiz are leading ause of disability in young adults, accounting for half of DALY

Question 6

what is the top cause of disability in females 15-24 and in males 15-19

what is top cause for males 20-24

Answer 6

unipolar depressive disorders

males swith to rd traffic accidents

Question 7

leading cause of death for females 15-19

20-24

Answer 7

self inflicted injuries

20-24 is HIV

Question 8

male leading cause of death 15-24

2nd cause of death

Answer 8

road traffic accident

violence

Question 9

how prominent an issue is abortion for leading causes of illness and disability

Answer 9

15-19 for women its 4th leading cause

20-24 its 3rd leading cause after depression and AIDS

Question 10

what % of people have serious mental illness

how many people worldwide have psychiatric disorder

Answer 10

• Survey in >12 countries found between 1-4% of pop had serious mental illness, approx. 9-17% at least one episode of mental illness in the 12 months before the survey
• Worldwide- 450 mill have psych disorder, include 120 w depression, 70 mill with alcohol dependence, 40 mill with dementia, 25 mill with schiz

Question 11

what amount of global burden of disease do mental disorders account for

does mental or physical illness account for more lost work days

Answer 11

• Mental and behavioral health disorders account for a t least 12% of global burden of dx and account for same amount of lost work days as a physical illness

Question 12

how many attempt suicide vs how many complete

Answer 12

• Nearly 1 mill ppl commit suicide and 10-20 mill attempt

Question 13

what % of adults get Tx for their mental illness worldwide

Answer 13

o Fewer than ½ of adults with severe mental illness receive help and even lower proprpotion of those w mild-moderate mental health illness

Question 14

what is the ratio of psychiatrists to people in most parts of Africa and asia

Answer 14

• In most African and Asian countries there are more than 100 000 people for every psychiatrist

Question 15

what are risk factors for mental illness

Answer 15

• Risk factors for mental illness include poverty, experiencing conflict or disaster, having a physical illness- so above populations are at greater need for services

Question 16

what can be done to dec rsk of mental illness

Answer 16

• Public health actions for improving mental health- educating the public about it, providing treatment as a primary health care, ivolving communities and families in caring for people with mental illness

Question 17

who has higher likelihood of moratlity at young age (and is the rate dec) M or F and why

Answer 17

• The all-cause mortality rates for both young men and young women have decreased in recent decades but young ment continue to have a higher likelihood of death than young women- usually due to high rate of injuries in males

Question 18

what % of women 15-49 have been phys or sexually abused

what are the consequences of these assaults

Answer 18

• 15-71% of women between 15-49 (reprod age) have been physically or sexually abused by partner

• immediate health consequences of violence against womn include serious injuries, death, damage caused to fetuses when preg women are attacked and psychological trauma
• sexually abused women may also have unwanted preg or STI

Question 19

do you think many of those who were abused agree with this
if she does not complete housework, disobeys, is not faithful, etc.

do they feel comfortable refusing sex with husband

Answer 19

YES• large number of these same women say its okay for man to beat his wife if she does not complete housework, disobeys, is not faithful, etc.
• many reported they don’t think they should refuse sex with husband, even if they don’t want to

Question 20

what kind of violence against women occurs in preterm and infancy

Answer 20

• Sex selective abortion
• Effects of battering during preg or birth outcomes
• Female infanticide

some other examples eg child marriage, FGM, dowry abuse, honor killings, trafficking etc etc

Question 21

sex vs gender

Answer 21

• Sex refers to the biological classification of people as male or female based on genetics and reprod anatomy (obv)
• Gender refers to social, cultural and psycholgcal aspects of being male or female, and is shaped by the sociocultural envt and experience in addition to bio

Question 22

who is this more common in M or F (all are for the same gender)
• Commit suicide and have drug use disorders
• Develop liver disorders
• Lung dx

Answer 22

Males
• Commit suicide and have drug use disorders
• Develop liver disorders
• Lung dx

Question 23

who is this more common in M or F

• Have lung, bladder, mouth, esophageal and stomach cancer

Answer 23

males

• Have lung, bladder, mouth, esophageal and stomach cancer

Question 24

who is this more common in M or F
•	Complications from sti
•	Die from burns
•	Have depressive disorder, PTSD, panic disorder and migraines
•	Develop vision problems

Answer 24

femles
•	Complications from sti
•	Die from burns
•	Have depressive disorder, PTSD, panic disorder and migraines
•	Develop vision problems

Question 25

who is this more common in M or F
•	Have dementia
•	Die frm diabetes
•	Musculoskeltal disorders like arthritis
•	Autoimmune dx
•	Iron-def anemia
•	Live longer
•	Have cancers of reprod

Answer 25

female

Question 26

who is this more common in M or F
• Become infected with trypanosocmiasis, schistosomiasis, lesihmaniasis, lympathicfilariasis, and other tropical infections

Answer 26

male

Question 27

m or f
• Die from traffic accidents, poisonings, falls, drowning, violence, and war
more often

Answer 27

Male

Question 28

what is reproductive health

how dangerous are pregnancy and birth for women in terms of mortality

Answer 28

• Reproductive health encompasses issues of safe sex, prevention, and treatment of sexually tramistted infections, contraception, fertility, and infertility, sexual health, pregnancy and child birth
• Pregnancy and childbirth are still among the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age in low-income countries
• About 350000 women worldwide die from preg or childbirth aka 40 deaths/hour

Question 29

what is the most common cause of maternal mortality (and what is mat mortality)

Answer 29

• Most common cause of maternal mortality (death durinpreg, childbirth, or soon after) is postpartum hemorrhage
o Other common causes: ecclampsia (starts as pre, aka high BP and protein in urine can develop convulsions and possible organ failure), unsafe abortions, infections, and obstructed labor

Question 30

what is the rate of death in sierra leone vs US for maternal death

Answer 30

• Difference in risk of maternal death in high and low income countries is huge. In sierra leone more than 900 women die for every 100 000 births compared to 20 for every 100 000 in USA.
• Most women in sierra Leona have multiple pregnancies so death about 1 in 23
• Can be prevented w medical care

Question 31

what % of people give birth without assistant

Answer 31

• 1/3 of women give birth wout assistance to skilled birth attendant (half of sub-saharan Africa and SE asia)

Question 32

what can occur if wman is left in obstructed labur for a long time?
what happens to the babe with this condition
how many have it?
what can be done?

Answer 32

• if obstructed w no help women can be in labor for days which can cause obstetric fistula (hole between rectum or bladder and vagina so constantly leaks urine/feces). Bc of odour many are ostracized by communities
o baby is usually stillborn
o about 3 mill women are living with fistulas and 50,000 new cases every year
o can be corrected but better to prevent htem

Question 33

women who have had FGM/circumcision have what inc risks

Answer 33

• women who have been circumcised have high risks of adverse reprod outcomes, including greater risk of infection, tearing during delivery, hemorrhage, greater need for c-sec

Question 34

how many times more likely to die during birth are women from sub Saharan Africa vs Canada US Europe

Answer 34

140 times