Ch. 6- Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
melting point
the temperature at which a substance changes from the solid to the liquid state
boiling point
the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor escaping from a liquid equals the outside pressure
vaporization
the process by which a substance changes from the liquid to the gaseous state
condensation
the process by which a substance changes from the gaseous state to the liquid state
freezing
the reverse of melting; changing from the liquid to the solid state
sublimation
conversion of a solid directly to the gaseous state without going through the liquid state
deposition
the direct formation of a solid from a gas without passing through the liquid state; reverse of sublimation
dipole-dipole forces
the attractive forces that exist among polar covalent molecules
dispersion forces
the momentary, usually weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from electron motions that create short-lived dipoles
dispersion forces
the momentary, usually weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from electron motions that create short-lived dipoles
where can dispersion forces exist?
between ANY two particles that have electrons (whether they’re polar, nonpolar, or ionic)
hydrogen bond
a type of intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom covalently bonded in one molecule is attracted to a nonmetal atom in a neighboring molecule; both the atom to which the hydrogen atom is bonded and the one to which it is attracted are small, highly electronegative atoms, usually N, O, or F
how do we know if dipole-dipole forces exist between molecules?
if the molecules are polar, and hydrogen bonding is not possible
how do we know if dispersion forces exist between molecules?
if the molecules are nonpolar, because nonpolar molecules can ONLY exhibit dispersion forces, and no other forces
how do we know if hydrogen bonding exists between molecules?
if the molecules are polar, and they consist of H covalently bonded to N, O, or F in one molecule, and N, O, or F in a polar bond in a neighboring molecule
