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Med Terminoology > CH 6 Digestive System Terminology > Flashcards

CH 6 Digestive System Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

Sound waves beam into the abdomen and produce an image of the abdominal viscera.

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2
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores

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3
Q

atresia

A

Absence of normal opening.

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4
Q

bariatric surgery

A

gastric bypass surgery. (bar/o=weight; iatr/o=treatment) weight loss surgery. reduces the size of the stomach and diverts food to the jejunum.

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5
Q

biliary atresia

A

Congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into the small intestine (duodenum)

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6
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Abnorma widening of the bronchial tubes or their branches.

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7
Q

bronchospasm

A

sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes; occurs in asthma

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8
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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9
Q

cecal volvulus

A

Abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon)

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10
Q

celiac disease

A

inherited autoimmune disorder. Villi in the small intestine are damaged by the immune system when the affected person eats foods containing gluten. Malabsorption & malnutrition occur.

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11
Q

cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lips

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12
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile vessel most commonly caused by a bacterial infection.

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13
Q

cholangiography

A

X-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) using radiopaque contrast medium.
Process of X-ray imaging bile ducts after injecting contrast in the bile ducts

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14
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

X-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into the bile and pancreatic ducts.

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15
Q

cholecystectomy

A

Excision or removal of the gallbladder

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16
Q

cholecystojejunostomy

A

Formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine); an anastomosis

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17
Q

cholecystolithiasis

A

Abnorml condition of stones in the gallbladder.

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18
Q

choledochal

A

Pertaining to the common bile duct

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19
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of forming gallstones

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20
Q

cholestasis

A

Stoppage of bile flow

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21
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal (excision) of the colon (large intestine)

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22
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual endoscopic examination of the colon

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23
Q

computed tomography

A

Series of x-ray pictures showing cross-sectional, axial, or transverse images of internal organs.

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24
Q

dentalgia

A

Pain in a tooth

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25
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
26
dysmenorrhea
Painful menstrual flow
27
dyspepsia
Painful digestion; indigestion
28
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
29
endoscopic ultrasonography
EUS Use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract
30
esophageal atresia
Congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach
31
gastric bypass
Reducing the size of the stomach by diverting food into the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy); surgery to promote weight loss for extreme obesity (bariatric surgery)
32
gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
33
gastrointestinal endoscopy
Visual examination of the stomach and intestines (GI TRACT) using an endoscope; esophagogastrouduodenoscopy, colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy
34
gastrojejunostomy
New surgical opening between the stomach and the jejunum; an anastomosis. The procedure is part of a gastric bypass surgery.
35
gastrostomy
New opening of the somach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body
36
gingivectomy
Removal of gum tissue
37
glossectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the tongue
38
glycogen
Storage form of glucose (sugar); it produces glucose when it is broken down (glycogenolysis) in liver cells
39
hematemesis
Vomiting blood
40
hemolysis
destruction of red blood cells.
41
hemoptysis
Spitting or coughing up blood as result of bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract.
42
hemorrhage
Bursting forth or excessive flow of blood
43
hepatomegaly
Enlargement fo the liver
44
herniorrhaphy
suture (stitching or sewing up) a hernia
45
ileostomy
Surgical formation of an artificial opening from the ileu to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall.
46
labiodental
Pertaining to the lips and teeth
47
laparoscopy
Process of visually examining the contents of the abdomen (using an endoscope)
48
lipase
Enzyme (-ase_ that digests fats; produced by cells in the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum
49
liver biopsy
Removal of liver tissue (percutaneous or through the skin) followed by microscopic examination
50
liver function tests
Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood or serum (clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted) Examples are ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, and serum bilirubin tests.
51
lower gastrointestinal series
X-ray images of the colon and lower portion of the small intestine after injescting barium (radiopaque contrast material) into the rectum; barium enema.
52
lymphangiectasia
Widening ir dilation of lymph vessels.
53
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magentic waves and radio waves produces images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
54
menorrhagia
Excessive flow of blood during menstruation
55
nasogastric intubation
Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach; removal of postoperative secretions or to obtain gastric and intestinal contents for analysis
56
oropharynx
Central portion of the throat, just beyond the mouth
57
palatoplasty
Surgical repair of the palate
58
pancreatic
Pertaining to the pancreas
59
paracentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen; abdominocentesis
60
periodontal membrane
Membrane that surrounds the tooth in the tooth socket
61
polyphagia
Excessive eating
62
proctosigmoidoscopy
Visual (endoscopic) examination of the naus, rectum and sigmoid colon
63
proptosis
abnormal placement or protrusion of an eye or other body part
64
pyloric stenosis
Narrowing or the pyloric sphincter
65
rectal carcinoma
Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix
66
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
67
sialadenectomy
removal (excision) of a salivary gland
68
splenic flexure
Downward bend of the colon on the left side of the body toward the descending colon
69
steatorrhea
discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion an malabsorption of fat.
70
stool culture
Test for microorganisms, such as bacteria, in feces.
71
sublingual
Pertaining to under the tongue

Med Terminoology (14 decks)

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