CH 5 Digestive system Pathologic Terminology Flashcards
achalasia
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscles (LES) to relax; dilation of the esophagus above the stonosis (narrowing) and loss of peristalsis occur. LES spasm
anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
anorexia
Lack of apetite
aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores
ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
borborygmus
Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by hyperactive movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.
cholelithiasis
Abnormal condition of forming gallstones
cirrhosis
Chronic, degenerative disease of the liver
colonic polyps
a fleshy growth occurring in the lining of the colon or rectum
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum or both.
constipation
Difficulty in passing (eliminating) feces (stool)
Crohn disease
Inflammatory bowel disease marked by diarrhea, pain, fever, weakness and weight loss
dental caries
tooth decay
diarrhea
Diarrhea is the frequent passage of watery, loose stools.
diverticula
Small, pouch-like herniations through the muscular wall of a tubular organ such as the colon.
diverticulitis
Inflammation of diverticula; abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are symptoms.
diverticulosis
Abnormal condition of diverticula without inflammation
dysentery
Painful intestines; marked by inflammation and infection, especially of the colon with abdominal pain and diarrhea.
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing.
eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.
esophageal cancer
malignancy that develops in the hallow, muscular esophagus
esophageal varices
Swollen, twisted veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
etiology
Study of the cause of disease
flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
gastric cancer
malignancy of the stomach. most commonly adenocarcinomas which may be ulcerating, polypoid, diffuse, and fibrous, or superficial spreading lesions.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD) Backflow of solids and fluid from the stomach to the mouth against it’s normal direction of movement
hematochezia
Passage of bright red blood from the rectum
hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.
herpetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus. Painful, fluid filled blisters are produced b the infection and known as cold sores or fever blisters
hiatal hernia
Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach upward through the diaphragm
icterus
Jaundice, yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
idiopathic
Pertaining to unknown cause of the disease
ileus
Failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines
inflammatory bowel disease
Severe inflammation of the small and large intestine (colon); examples are Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis
inguinal hernia
A small loops of the bowel protrudes though a weakened abdominal muscle
intusssusception
One portion of the intestine slips into an adjoining part; telescoping of the intestines
irritable bowel disease
Group of gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating) associated with stress and tension.
jaundice
A symptom of illness marked by yellw-prange discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood
melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood.
nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.
oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth
pancreatic cancer
cancer of the pancreas
peptic ulcer
Open sore of lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach and the duodenum
periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
ulcerative colitis
Inflammation of the colon and the rectum with the presence of ulcers; an inflammatory bowel disease.
viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
