Ch. 6 Communication/ Ch. 7 Power & Politics Flashcards
What does the communication term encoding mean?
Converting a message to a symbolic form
What does the communication term decoding mean?
Interpreting a senders message
What does the communication term message mean?
The substance been communicated
What does the communication term channel mean?
The medium which a message travels
What does the communication term noise mean?
Communication barriers that DISTORT the clarity of the message
What does the communication term feedback mean?
Checks how succesful we have been in transferring our messages as original intended
What does high richness channel mean for communication? Give example.
a high richness channel means for communication that their is substance in the information been interpreted. For example, face to face provides us with verbal and physical communication. Very effective.
What does low richness channel mean for communication? Give example.
it means that the information is difficult to decode. Little verbal/ physical medium which makes it hard to obtain clarity on info
Give example from the lowest channel to the highest richness channels.
Mail/ letter, email, voicemail, phone call, video call, face to face interaction.
What are 5 limitiation to emails?
1) Missterpreting message (sarcasm)
2) Communicating negative message - scares people, puts on negativity
3) Time consumption - proffesional/ legal ramifications
4) Email emotions
5) privacy
What are the 6 effective listening techniques?
1) eye contact
2) appropriate facial expressions
3) Avoid unneccesary distractions
4) Avoid interrupting actions
4) Ask questions
5) paraphrase
How Communication Breakdown Leads to Conflict
Define conflict
Process that begins with one party perceives that another party has a negative affect, or is about to negatively affect, something the first party cares about.
How Communication Breakdown Leads to Conflict
Name the two types of conflicts
Functional - constructive
Dysfunctional - destructive
How Communication Breakdown Leads to Conflict
List the 4 structural causes of conflict
Increased specialization - no one knows what yo do
Interdependence - waiter/chef relationship
Physical layout
Centralized versus decentralized
How Communication Breakdown Leads to Conflict
Name the 3 features that escalate conflict
1) Tactics become more extreme
2) Involment in conflict increases
3) Focus on harming others
Conflict-Handling Strategies & Accompanying Behaviours
Name 5 & describe them using cooperative and assertive language
1) Yielding - high cooperation, low assertiveness
2) Comprimising - Medium cooperation, medium assertivenss
3) Avoiding - Low assertiveness, low cooperation
4) Force - high assertivenss, low cooperation
5) Problem-Solving - High assertiveness, high cooperation
Name the 5 stages of negotiation
1) Preparation
2) Relationship building
3) Information exchange
4) Persuasion
5) Agreement
Name the 5 negotiation tips. Use 5 stages as a guide.
1) Begin w positive oveturn
2) Open climate
3) Address problem, not people
4) Ignore first offer
5) win-win solution
Network Ties & Key Roles, name the 3 key terms associated with this
1) Central Connector - Linked to the greatest amount of people
2) Boundaru Spanner- Link one network with another
3) Peripheral Specialist - People with specialized expertize that can be drawn upon even though usually independet. IT specialized
Describe Strong & Weak Ties
Strong Ties- Can obtain information and emotional support
Weak Ties- Can obtain solely information and NO emotional support
Power & Politics….. Define Power.
Power is the capacity that A has to influence the behaviour of B, so B acts in accordance with A’s wishes.
Power& Politics - Define - Dependency
B’s relationship to A, when A possesses something B needs
Bases of Power - Define - Coercive power
Power based on fear
Be indirect when utulizing
Use if absolutely neccesary
Informal/formal
Bases of Power - Define - Reward Power
Power based on the ability to provide benefit/reward
Formal/informal
Bases of Power - Define - Legitimate Power
Power based on a persons realtive position in the organizational hierachy
Bases of Power - Define - Expert Power
Power based on a persons experience & knowledge
- Power can diminish if given out
Bases of Power - Define - Referent Power
Power based on been seeing as socially attractive or when others identify this with this person
Bases of Power - Define - Informational Power
Power based on data/knowledge that you need
Evaluating The Bases of Power - How do people respond (3)?
1) Commitment - the person is enthuastic about the task
2) Compliance- begrudgenlty does task, minimum effort
3) Resistance- The person is opposed to to the request & tries to avoid.
Dependency: The Key to Power
-What 3 things do you need for someone to be depended of you
1) Importance
2) Scarcity
3) Non-substituable
Strategic Contigency Model of Power
- How do people & organizations gain power and what three things must be done by an individual to gain power within an organization?
You must gain power to address the major problems and issues faced by organization.
1) Reduce the uncertainty of an organization
2) Be irraplaceble
3) Control the decesion process by setting parameters on acceptible solutions
Name the 9 Influence tactics in order to gain power
1) rational persuation Tactic
2) Inspirational appeals Tactic
3) Consulation Tactic
4) Ingratiation Tactic
5) Personal Appeal Tactic
6) Exchange Tactic
7) Coaliation Tactic
8) Pressure Tactic
9) Legitimate Tactic
Influence tactic - Rational persuation tactic
Logical arguments to persuade
Influence tactic- Inspirational appeal tactic
Persuade by appealing to their values/ideals
Influence tactic - Consulation tactic
Try to get participation in decesion. “what do you think we should do”
Influence tactic- Personal tactic
Indicate loyalty of their relationship to influence them.
Influence tactic - Exhange tactic
Do something for them in hope they do something for you
Influence tactic - Coaliation tactic
Work together to meet a common goal
Influence tactic - Pressure tactic
Use threats
Influence tactic - Legitimate tactic
Persuade because of formal authority
Politics: Power in Actions
What does political behaviour mean
The activities that are outside an individual’s formal role that influence or attempt to influence. The distribution of advantages and disadvantages within an organization
Why does politics in an organization exist? (3)
- Organization are made of groups & individuals who have offerings, values, and goals
- Resources are limited
- Performance outcome are not completely clear & objective
What does political mean and do for individuals
The ability to influence others in a way to enhance objectives.
What 4 things must you have to have strong political skills
1) Social Astuteness - Correctly assess behaviours
2) Interpersonal Influence- Persuasive & can adapt influence tactic
3) Network Ability - Quantity & quality of social network
4) Apparent Sincerity - Appear authentic, possess integrity
Name one (at least) out of the 8 Politicking methods
1) Frame argument in terms of organizational goals
2) Gain Control of organizational resources
3) Make yourself appear indispensible
4) Develope the right image
5) Be visible
6) Develop powerful allies
7) avoid “tainted” members
8) Support your manager
Name one (at least) out of the 8 Politicking methods
1) Frame argument in terms of organizational goals
2) Gain Control of organizational resources
3) Make yourself appear indispensible
4) Develope the right image
5) Be visible
6) Develop powerful allies
7) avoid “tainted” members
8) Support your manager
Name one (at least) out of the 8 Politicking methods
1) Frame argument in terms of organizational goals
2) Gain Control of organizational resources
3) Make yourself appear indispensible
4) Develope the right image
5) Be visible
6) Develop powerful allies
7) avoid “tainted” members
8) Support your manager
Name one (at least) out of the 8 Politicking methods
1) Frame argument in terms of organizational goals
2) Gain Control of organizational resources
3) Make yourself appear indispensible
4) Develope the right image
5) Be visible
6) Develop powerful allies
7) avoid “tainted” members
8) Support your manager
