Ch. 6: Cheese Assessment & Evaluation - Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

2-methyl propanol

A

-also known as isobutanol
-organic compound produced naturally during the fermentation of carbohydrates
-contributes a banana flavor in cheese

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2
Q

dehydes

A

-an organic compound containing a formyl group
-traces of many aldehydes are found in essential oils
-often contribute to their favorable odors
-most sugars are derivatives of aldehydes

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3
Q

amides

A

a flavor-producing compound that develops in cheese over time, usually occurring with ammonia development

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4
Q

amines

A

a class of organic compounds that includes amino acids

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5
Q

aromatic hydrocarbons

A

a flavor component used to add smoke flavor to smoked cheese

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6
Q

benzaldehyde

A

-an organic compound
-the simplest aromatic aldehyde
-pleasant almond odor

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7
Q

butyric acid

A

a product or anaerobic fermentation that has an unpleasant smell and taste (rancid, or like vomit)

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8
Q

diacetyl

A

a flavor compound responsible for acid and buttery flavors in fermented products such as cottage cheese, fromage frais, and quark

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9
Q

ethyl

A

-an ethyl group is two-carbon molecule in which the carbon atoms are bonded to one another
-derived from ethane, a colorless, odorless gas

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10
Q

methanethiol

A

-an organic compound released as a gas with a distinctive putrid smell from decaying organic matter
-gives cheese a cabbage flavor

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11
Q

methional

A

-an organic compound that provides a notable flavor in potato chips
-creates a meaty flavor in cheese
-traces are also found in black tea and green tea based products

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12
Q

methyl

A

an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms

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13
Q

methyl ketones

A

a molecule that contributes to the flavor in butter

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14
Q

natamycin

A

naturally occurring antifungal agent used in the food industry as a hurdle to fungal growth in cottage cheese, sour cream, and yogurt

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15
Q

phenols

A

-caused by amino acids being metabolized by microbes during aging, producing phenolic compounds
-give flavors such as smoky, unclean, medicinal, animal, and barnyardy

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16
Q

psychotropic

A

a bacteria capable of surviving or even thriving in a cold environment

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17
Q

retronasal olfaction

A

-the direct link between taste and smell, and occurs when an item has been swallowed
-both the olafactory and gustatory systems are stimulated
-creates a more nuanced, in-depth perception of flavor

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18
Q

sulfur

A

compounds responsible for some of the unpleasant odors of decaying organic matter

19
Q

syneresis

A

-the release of moisture from protein molecules
-leads to the expulsion of whey from cheese curd

20
Q

umami

A

-a savory taste
-one of the five basic tastes
-glutamate is responsible

21
Q

openness

A

-in reference to the texture and body
-often an indicator of a defect if not characteristic in the cheese

22
Q

mechanical openings

A

irregularly shaped slits or cracks and other openings caused by workmanship and not gas formation

23
Q

blind

A

no eye formation indicated in the paste of cheese

24
Q

corky

A

-a cheese texture that is hard, tough, and overly firm
-characterized by failure of the cheese to readily break down when rubbed between thumb and fingers

25
Q

acid-cut

A

-a bleached or faded appearance which sometimes varies throughout the cheese but is present most often around mechanical openings

26
Q

friable

A

in reference to the cheese’s texture and how easily a cheese crumbles

27
Q

volatile stimuli

A

airborne molecules that emit from organic compounds (e.g. found on cheese) detected by our noses

28
Q

orthonasal olfaction

A

the sensation of smell arising via the introduction of an odor/aroma through the nostrils

29
Q

taste receptors

A

a type of cellular receptor which facilitates the sensation of taste

30
Q

olfactory

A

relating to the sense of smell

31
Q

mouthfeel

A

the physical sensations in the mouth produced by a particular food

32
Q

slip skin/toad skin

A

-a ripening defect associated with contamination by geotrichum yeast appearing on the surface
-the rind will appear rubbery or bumpy, paste will liquefy

33
Q

absorbed odor

A

“off” or unpleasant odors in cheese caused by environmental exposure

34
Q

bacterial odor

A

when certain bacteria in cheese present a distinctive smell

35
Q

chemical odor

A

-smells present in a cheese due to cleaning chemicals exposure, microbes, or overexposure to light
-considered a defect

36
Q

calcium lactate

A

-mineral deposits that are encouraged by:
=certain starter cultures at high levels
=tight packaging
=fluctuations in temperature
-typically seen on the surface of cheddars and some American cheeses in vacuum packaging

37
Q

proteolysis

A

breakdown of protein, which leads to a softer cheese over time

38
Q

lipolysis

A

the breakdown of fat, which is essential for flavor development in cheese

39
Q

nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB)

A

-lactic acid bacteria used as adjunct (or secondary) cultures
-influence the ripening period and final sensory characteristics

40
Q

indicator organisms

A

-when present in large numbers in food signify that it is contaminated with disease bacteria, filth, spoilage, or unsanitary conditions
-include yeasts, molds, and other organisms

41
Q

syneresis

A

the expulsion of whey after coagulated milk has been cut

42
Q

trier

A

-an age old specialist tool for cheese evaluation
-used to take a deep sample from an unopened wheel of cheese and asses the texture, ripeness and flavor of cheese

43
Q

ammoniated

A

-a bitter tasting and strong selling defect caused by excessive breakdown of fat and protein or restricted air flow
-often seen in soft ripened cheeses aged too long