Ch. 1: Raw Materials of Cheese - Glossary Flashcards
Introduce you to the words used to talk about the raw materials of cheese
abomasum
the fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach
acidification
the initial step in the souring of milk. lactose is converted to lactic acid.
affinage
the process of selecting, aging, and maturing cheese
alpage
french term for the alpine fields where animals graze in open air during the summer months
ambient humidity
water dispersed into the air
annatto
a flavourless natural dye made from the seed or extract from the achiote tree (indigenous to Latin and South America)
animal rennet
an enzyme from the stomach lining of an un-weaned ruminant’s abomasum
ash
minerals found in milk, assessed by the amount of ash left from incinerating a milk sample
bacterial counts
test used to assess microbial contamination in milk to indicate quality
beta carotene
a pigment in fruits and vegetables
bovine
an animal subfamily classification that includes cattle, water buffalo , and yaks
brine/brining
- used in the washing process
- a blend of water, salt, and sometimes additional items, such as spirits or cultures.
- used to advance flavor development and impede mold growth
bulk set cultures
frozen concentrated culture set
butterfat
the natural fat of milk
butyric acid
a product of anaerobic fermentation that has an unpleasant smell and taste
calcium chloride (CaCl)
-improves curd making properties of coagulants to optimize yield
-recommended for milk that will not coagulate properly due to over heat treatment or low milk solids
-balances calcium levels in brines
calcium phosphate (CaPh)
-mineral that binds and acts as a “glue” from proteins.
-dissolves in cheesemaking, allowing strands or caseins to reform into curds
calf lipase
-flavoring enzyme that creates a delicate and mild “piquant” flavor and has a pleasant butter scent, slightly spicy in cheese
-often used in Italian cheeses (Parm, Mozz, Feta)
casein
a technical term for proteins found in milk, known as alpha-, beta-, and kappa-casein
Coxiella burnetti
-a bacterium that naturally infects ruminant animals found in birth products, urine, feces, and milk.
-destroyed through pasteurization
CHY-MAX
-a FPC (fermentation produced chymosin) offering high milk-clotting specificity combined with reduced proteolytic activity.
-naturally produced through fermentation
coliform
fecal bacteria used to measure sanitary quality of foods and water
coliform count
test of water contamination that indicates the extent of fecal matter present in it
colostrum
-first milk given off by dairy animals that is most nutritious for babies
-not good for cheesemaking