Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC241 > Ch 6 Bipolar and Depressive Disorders > Flashcards

Ch 6 Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

common symptoms vs clinical depression

A

common for sadness but disorders have longer duration and severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major depressive disorder (symptoms, requirements, prevalence, gender differences)

A
  • needs 5 symptoms for at least 2 weeks (persistent low mood/lack of enjoyment)
  • weight/sleep changes
  • low energy
  • agitation (noticeable slower/faster movement)
  • indecisiveness
  • suicidal tendencies
  • insomnia
  • episodic (single vs recurrent)
  • prevalence 5%, women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) (symptoms and requirements)

A
  • persistent low mood for 2 years + three more symptoms (similar to major depressive)
  • hopeless but not suicidal
  • insomnia
  • up to 2 months symptom-free
  • prevalence 3%
  • less severe but less treatable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

double depression

A

persistent depressive disorder with major depressive episodes
- normally when p.d.d. is undiagnosed until m.d. episodes start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A
  • controversial, appeared in DSM5
  • 6-18 intense and inconsistent temper outbursts (3+/week)
  • 12(+) months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

depression comorbidity

A

CVD (coronary heart), CNS diseases, cancer, migraines, genetic correlation MDD and anxiety 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bipolar disorder 1 manic episode (requirements, symptoms, prevalence)

A
  • 1(+) episodes
  • irritable/elevated mood for 1 week most of the day nearly everyday
    • 3 symptoms: grandiosity, less need for sleep, talkative, goal-directed, racing thoughts, possible depressive episode, irrational gambling
  • 0.8%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bipolar disorder 2 hypomania (requirements, symptoms, prevalence)

A
  • 4 days 1(+) episodes
  • less severe
  • must have depressive episode
  • feeling great -> depressive episodes
  • 0.5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cyclothymia (definition, duration, prevalence)

A
  • 2 years
  • hypomania subthreshold depression cycles
  • 0.4% - 1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

seasonal affective disorder (prevalence, theories, treatment)

A

Canada: winter months
Prevalence: (general: 2-3%), (MDD: 11%)
- Theories: melatonin, circadian rhythms
- Treatment: phototherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

psychodynamic explanations

A

abuse/neglect, maladaptive parenting -> vulnerable personality traits (overly dependent, self-critical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cognitive explanations

A

dysfunctional thinking, negative schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

interpersonal model explanations

A
  • deficits in social skills (withdrawal -> forgetting)
  • negative feedback seeking
  • excessive reassurance seeking
  • stress generation hypothesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Life stress perspective explanation

A

stressful events, loss, abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

biological explanations

A

adoption/twin studies

  • MMD: 36%
  • bipolar: 75%
  • serotonin regulation: short allele increases stress responsiveness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

norepinepherin (depression vs bipolar)

A

d: low levels in severe deprssion, certain symptoms
b: low levels, mania link

17
Q

serotonin (depression vs bipolar)

A

d: fewer receptors, certain symptoms
b: low levels -> mania/mood swings

18
Q

dopamine (depression vs bipolar)

A

d: low levels
b: low levels, high levels trigger mania/psychosis

19
Q

3 CBT intervention techniques for depression

A
  1. active scheduling (increase fun activities)
  2. thought records (challenge negative thinking patterns)
  3. behavioural experiments (challenge negative beliefs)
20
Q

CBT vs medication

A

CBT has effective for depression, better LT outcomes

21
Q

behavioural components of CBT

A
  • as effective as full CBT and ST medication

- more effective than LT medication

22
Q

mindfulness cognitive therapy

A
  • more effective vs family doctor and meds
23
Q

interpersonal therapy 4 targets

A

(12-16 sessions focus on one)

  1. role transitions (old and new roles)
  2. communication/problem solving
  3. new relationships, mourning
  4. personality issues that interfere with relationships
24
Q

IPT medication and relapse

A

monthly booster sessions help prevent

25
Q

tricyclics

A
  • antidepressants
  • block npp reuptake and some serotonin
  • effective but bad side effects
  • lethal overdose
  • rarely used
26
Q

MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

A
  • antidepressants
  • breaks enzymes that breaks neurotransmitters
  • bad side effects
  • dietary restrictions ‘
  • rarely used
27
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

A
  • first line antidepressants
  • block serotonin reuptake
  • mild side effects
  • safe
28
Q

other antidepressants

A
  • serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
  • dopamine increase
  • GABA levels
29
Q

antidepressant effectiveness

A
  • may need to switch to find one suitable
  • antidepressants > placebos (severe depression)
  • high relapse
  • discontinuation syndrome (withdrawal and rebound)
30
Q

lithium

A
  • bipolar medication
  • effective for mania
  • monitoring
  • 40% do not respond or cannot tolerate
  • high relapse
31
Q

anticonvulsants

A
  • bipolar medication
  • increase GABA levels, decrease glutamate
  • used alone or with lithium
32
Q

antipsychotics

A
  • bipolar medication
  • decrease some neurotransmitter levels
  • ST for mania, severe deprssion, psychotic symptoms
  • side effects
33
Q

antidepressants for bipolar

A
  • treats depressive episodes
  • could trigger manic
    • mood stabilizer
34
Q

combining psychotherapy and medication for depression (4 exceptions)

A
  • generally no benefit
    1. severe
    2. persistent
    3. no response
    4. adolescents
35
Q

combining psychotherapy and medication for bipolar

A
  • medication is most effective but impairment/relapse
    1. family focused therapy
    2. interpersonal
    3. cognitive
36
Q

biological treatments ( for who, 4 extreme kinds)

A
  • 40% treatment-resistent patients
    1. electroconvulsive
    2. transcranial magnetic stimulation
    3. vagus nerve
    4. deep brain
37
Q

ECT

A
  • ~25s seizure
  • confusion, memory problems
  • treatment-resistent depression, immediate results
  • better with higher current and bilateral

PSYC241 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions