Ch 6 Anatomy Of Articulation Flashcards
0
Q
Vocal tract. The three parts.
A
Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx
1
Q
Source filter theory of vowel production
A
Speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as a sound produced by the vibrating vocal chords, through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes the output.
2
Q
Articulation definition
A
The adjustments of the shape and acoustical properties of the vocal tract
3
Q
Mobile articulators (name 9)
A
Tongue, mandible or lower jaw, velum or soft palate, lips, cheeks, fauces,pharynx, larynx, hyoid bone
4
Q
Immobile articulators-4
A
Alveolar Ridge
Maxillae (upper jaw)
Hard palate
Teeth
5
Q
What does hard palate consist of?
A
3/4 maxillae anterior
Palatine bones make up posterior 1/4 of palate
6
Q
The facial skeleton forms the framework of…
A
Organs of mastication (chewing), speech production, respiration, special senses and muscles for facial expression
7
Q
Facial bones (9)
A
Mandible Maxillae (2) Nasal bone (2) Palatine bone (2) Inferior nasal conchae (2) Vomer Zygomatic bones (2) Lacrimal bones (2) Hyoid bone
8
Q
Mandible
Coronoid process- where is it and what does it do?
A
Attachment for temporal is muscle
9
Q
Mandibular foramen-locate it, what is if for?
A
Hole permits entrance of nerves and blood vessels from one side of the mandible to the other side.
10
Q
Milohyoid line- locate it, what does it do?
A
Landmark for the attachment of muscle.
11
Q
Alveolar part/ridge
Locate, what is it for?
A
The ridge that houses the teeth within the dental alveoli.
12
Q
Mental symphysis
Locate, what is it for?
A
Marks the midline where the two halves of the mandible are joined and fused together.
13
Q
Mental protuberance
Locate, what is it for?
A
The point of the chin
14
Q
Mental foramen
Locate, what is it for?
A
The hole the permits the mental nerve and blood vessels to pass from within the bone to the external surface.
15
Q
Corpus
Locate, what is it for?
A
Body of mandible
16
Q
Angle
Locate, what is it for?
A
Point that mandible angles up the the ramus.
17
Q
Ramus
Locate, what is it for?
A
The mass of the mandible rising up vertically from the angle
18
Q
Mandibular notch
Locate, what is it for?
A
Separates the condylar and coronoid processes
19
Q
Condylar process
Locate, what is it for?
A
Consists of a neck and a head.
The head of the condylar process articulates with the cranium at the temporal bone. Forms the tempromandibular joint- the only freely movable joint on the skull.
20
Q
Frontal process
Locate, what is it for?
A
Located on maxilla. Articulates with the frontal bone of the skull.
21
Q
Infraorbital margin
Locate, what is it for?
A
Helps form the eye socket
22
Q
Infraorbital foramen
A
On maxilla.
Allows passage of infraorbital nerve.
23
Q
Zygomatic process
Locate, what is it for?
A
Maxilla
Articulates with the zygomatic bone
24
Nasal crest and nasal notch
Locate, what is it for?
Maxilla
| At midline where to maxilla bones connect
25
Palatine process
Maxilla
| Forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth/part of the hard palate.
26
Anterior nasal spine
Locate, what is it for?
At midline where the two maxilla bones articulate with one another.
27
Transverse palatine suture
Locate, what is it for?
The point where the palatine bone a palatine process meets
28
Horizontal plate or palatine bone
Maxillae
| Posterior 1/4 of hard palate
29
Palatine process
Locate, what is it for?
Makes of anterior 3/4 of hard palate
Maxilla
30
Intermaxillary suture
Locate, what is it for?
Midline of hard palate, where two palatine processes articulate. If not fused together properly, a cleft palate remains.
31
Premaxilla
Locate, what is it for?
Located at the most anterior portion of hard palate. Connects to the palatine processes at the premaxillary suture
32
Incisive foramen
Locate, what is it for?
Formed in between the premaxillary and palatine processes. Allows passage of the nerves.
33
Nasal bones
Locate, what is it for?
Articulate with the frontal bones superiorly, the maxillae laterally, and part of the ethmoid bone inside. Form bridge of nose
34
Palatine bones
Locate, what is it for?
```
L shaped bones located posteriorly to the maxillae. Help form the hard palate.
Sphenoidal process
Orbital process
Perpendicular plate
Horizontal plate
Posterior nasal spine
```
35
Sphenoidal process
Locate, what is it for?
Palatine bones
Articulates with sphenoid bone of the skull.
36
Orbital process
Palatine bone
| Contributes to the structure of the eye socket
37
Perpendicular plates
Palatine bone
| Run perpendicular to the horizontal plate. Makes up the wall of the nasal cavity.
38
Horizontal plate
Locate, what is it for?
Makes up the portion of the hard palate . Posterior 1/4
39
Posterior nasal spine
The midline where the two palatine bones articulate with one another
40
Inferior nasal conchae
Locate, what is it for?
Located in the nasal cavity. Also referred to as inferior turbinates. Makes up the inferior most part of the lateral nasal wall. Small scroll like bones. Adds additional surface area to the nasal cavity. Covered by a mucosal lining to help warm and humidify the air.
41
Vomer
Locate, what is it for?
Makes up the inferior and posterior nasal septum, which divides the two nasal cavities.
42
Zygomatic bone, parts and location
3 parts
Frontal process, goes up around eye socket
Temporal process connects with temporal bone
Maxillary process, connects with maxilla
43
Zygomatic arch
Locate, what is it for?
Helps form the cheek bone
44
Lacrimal bones
Smallest facial bones. Forms the medial wall of the orbital cavity.
45
Cranial bones
| 6
```
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Fontal
Parietal-2
Occipital
Temporal-2
```
46
Frontal bone
Locate, what is it for?
Makes up the forehead. Supraorbital margin, superior section of orbital socket. Zygomatic process of frontal bone connects with zygomatic bone
47
Parietal bone
Locate, what is it for?
```
Make up the sides of the skull. Located at the part on the side of the head.
4 sutures
Coronal suture
Squamosal suture
SAgittal suture
Lamboidal suture
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48
Sphenoid bone
Inside the skull. Greater wings are behind the eye and around the temple
49
Ethmoid bone
Located in nasal cavity. Articulates with 15 other bones! Located behind the nasal bones in the interior of the skull.
```
Parts
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Perpendicular plate
```
50
Temporal bone
Locate, what is it for?
Just below the parietal bone where ears are located.
Can be divided into four portions
Squamous portion
External auditory meatus- opening for inner ear to enter into skull
Zygomatic process
Mandibular fossa
Tympanic portion
Styloid process- site of origin for styloferingous, styloglossus, and stylohyoidius muscle.
Petrous portion- houses organs of equilibrium. Such as semicircular canals and the copula
Mastoid portion
Mastoid process- attachment for stereo--mastoid muscle and other neck muscles.
51
Occipital bone
Locate, what is it for?
In posterior section of skull under parietal bone
Foramen magnum-opening allows passage of spinal chord and brain stem
Condyle- where the skull rests on the vertical vertebrae
Celebellar fossa-marks the location of the cerebellum
52
Crustacean galli
Ethmoid bone part
Attachment for the meninges (a protective covering for the brain)
53
Cribriform plate
Locate, what is it for?
Part of ethmoid bone
| Separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity
54
Superior and middle nasal concha
Locate, what is it for?
Ethmoid bone parts
Scroll like extensions in the upper portion of the nasal cavity
55
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoid bone part
Part of the nasal septum
Separates the nasal cavity into two cavities.
56
Ethmoidal cells
Holes in the ethmoid bone. Allow passage for olfactory nerves
57
Sphenoid bone
Locate, what is it for?
Very complex. Located within the brain case. Articulates with all of the bones of the cranium.
Consists of a body, two greater wings and two lesser wings. Optic canal foramen rotundum, hypophyseal fossa, lateral and medial pterygoid plates.
58
Greater and lesser wings
Located on sphenoid bone. Greater wing inferior to lesser wing but wider and larger.
59
Optic canal
| Locate, what is it for?
Allows for passage of optic never. Located in sphenoid bone.
60
Foramen rotundum
Allows passage for the trygeminal nerve.
61
Hypophyseal fossa, also knows as cellatersa pr pituitary fossa
Holds the pituitary gland
62
Lateral and medial pterygoid plate
Points of attachment for various muscles.
63
Supra orbital margin
Part of frontal bone
Superior section of eye socket.
64
Zygomatic process..fb
Part of frontal bone the articulates with zygomatic bone
65
Coronal suture
Suture between the frontal Ben ad parietal bones
66
Squamousal suture
The suture between the temporal bone and parietal bones
67
Sagittal suture
Between both parietal bones
68
Lambdoidal suture
Between parietal bone and occipital bone.
69
Important parts of occipital bone
Foramen magnum-opening allows passage of spinal chord and brain stem
Condyle- where the skull rests on the vertical vertebrae
Celebellar fossa-marks the location of the cerebellum
70
Squamous portion
One of the four sections of the temporal bone. Large and bowl shaped
71
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Extending anteriorly and articulates with zygomatic bone
72
Styloid process
Part of tympanic portion of temporal bone. Site of origin for styloferingous, styloglossus, and stylohyoidius muscle.
73
Internal and external auditory meatus
Part of squamous portion of temporal bone.
74
Madibular fossa
Part of squamous portion of temporal bone.
75
Mastoid process
Part of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Bone bump behind ear of the low portion of the skull.
76
Sinuses inside bones of the skull
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal sinuses
Maxillary sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
77
Dentition
Teeth
78
Central incisor
Front 2 teeth
79
Lateral incisor
Next to front tooth, bottom
80
Cuspid
3rd back, bottom..one point
81
First bicuspid
4th back, bottom, 2 points
82
Second bicuspid
5th back, bottom, two points
83
First molar
Flat, bottom, 6th back
84
2nd molar
My last tooth. Flat 7th back bottom
85
3rd molar
I don't have one last tooth. Wisdom teeth
86
Crown
Area above gums of tooth
87
Root
area below gums of the tooth
88
Enamel
Most dense part of the tooth. Protects the tooth
89
Dentin
Makes up the bulk of the solid portion of the tooth
90
Pulp canal
Rich in nerves and blood vessels
91
Gingival sulcus
The area between the gum line and the tooth
92
Gingiva
Refers to the gum line
93
Cementum
Bone-like substance that covers the root
94
Periodontal ligament
Helps suspend tooth in alveolus(socket)
95
Buccal surface
Surface of the teeth nearest to the cheek
96
Lingual surface of tooth
The surface nearest the tongue. Lingual stands for tongue.
97
Medial surface of tooth
The side between the teeth closest to the midline.
98
Distal surface
In between teeth, the side closest to the back of the mouth.
99
Deciduous teeth
Aka baby teeth. Eventually 10 on top and 10 on bottom. 4 ins. 2 cuspids and 4 molars for top/ bottom
100
Permanent teeth
32 altogether 16 teeth on each arch. 4 ins. 2 cusp, 4 pre molars/bicuspids, and 6 molars
101
Occlusion
The process of bringing the upper teeth and lower teeth into contact. The relation between the first molar on mandible and maxilla will determine the occlusion.
Class 1- normal
Class 2 front sticks out
Class 3 bottom sicks out
Over jet is how far front sicks out
Over bite is how much the front teeth cover the bottom teeth
102
Torsiversion
Twisted tooth
103
Linguaversion
Tooth tilts towards tongue
104
Buccuversion
Tooth tilted towards cheek.
105
Distoversion
Tooth tilts away from midline
106
Mesioversion
Tooth tilts towards the midline
107
Infraversion
Tooth too far down into the gums
108
Supraversion
Tooth is too far up above the rest of the teeth
109
One bite
Front teeth are unable to meet. Rest naturally together
110
Closed bite
Back teeth are unable to meet. Gets in the way of chewing.
111
Cavities of the vocal tract
Nasal cavity
Buccal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharyngeal cavities
112
Rugae
Creases on hard palate of the oral cavity.
113
Velum
Soft palate
114
Posterior and anterior faucial pillars
Bands of tissue located in the posterior boundary of the oral cavity. The palatine tonsil is located between these two pillars
115
Palatine tonsil
Located between posterior and anterior faucial pillars
116
Uvula
Marks the end of the soft palate, hanging ball thingy
117
Buccal cavity
The space between the teeth and the cheeks
118
Pharyngeal cavity
3 areas
Nasopharynx
Layrngooharynx
Orophsrynx
119
Nasopharynx
Space above the soft palate
120
Eustachianmtube/ auditory tube
Orifice is formed by lateral walls of the nasopharynx.
| Main purpose of this tube is to equalize the air pressure in the inner ear.
121
Pharyngeal tonsil
Aka adenoids. Located where soft palate reaches to close off nasal cavity
122
Laryngopharynx
Space created by epiglottis and the esophagus.
123
Oropharynx
Space posterior to the faucial pillars
124
Torus tubarious
The fold of tissue that loops around the Eustachian tube. Helps dialte the Eustachian tube to regulate air pressure
125
Upper part of nasal cavity is responsible for
organs of smell
126
Lower part of nasal cavity is responsible for
Warm,moisten, and clean the air.
127
Landmarks of the nose and mouth
```
Bridge
Tip of nose
Nares/ nostrils
Columella nasi
Philtrum
Philtril ridge
Cupid's bow
```
128
Obicularis oris
Sphincter muscle that closes and puckers the lips. Many muscles insert to this muscle to increase range of motion for the lips.
Superior-superior to upper lip
Inferior- inferior to lower lip.
129
Risorius muscle
Insert into the corners of the mouth and help retract the lips. Smiling and grinning
130
Buccinator muscle
Inserts into the orbicularis muscle and retracts the lips.these are cheek muscles and they help move food to molars.
131
Lavator labii superioris muscle
Inserts in the upper lip and its job is to lift the upper lip
132
Zygomatic minor muscle
Inserts in the upper lip, lifts upper lip.
133
Elevator labii superioris alaeque ANSI
Inserts in upper lip, lifts
134
Levator anguli oris
Draws lips up and medially
135
Zygomatic major muscle
Retracts corners of mouth up and out
136
Depressor labii inferioris
Depresses the lower lip.
137
Depressor anguli oris
Depresses corners of the mouth
138
Mentalis
Elevate and wrinkle the chin, makes a pouty lower lip
139
Platysma
Depresses the mandible and helps open the mouth.
140
Elevator labii superioris alaeque ANSI
Courses downward from the infra orbital origins of the maxilla, lifts upper lip.
141
Tongue basic parts
Tip
Dorsum
Base
Root
142
Dorsum of tongue
The superior surface of e tongue located in the oral cavity
143
Base of tongue
Located in the oropharynx. Posterior portion of tongue.
144
Root of tongue
Inferior base of tongue
145
Foramen cecum
Long deep recess in the back of the tongue
146
Terminal sulcus
Marks the posterior surface of the palatine surface of the tongue.
147
Central sulcus
Divides the tongue into left a right sides
148
Vallate papillae
Small bumps on the tongue that may contain taste buds
149
Pharyngeal surface
Posterior 1/3 portion of the tongue that
150
Lingual tonsil
Located beneath the lining of the tongue. Tongue tonsils
151
Superior longitudinal muscle
Runs along upper layer of tongue from back to front. Helps the tongue to elevate, retract, turn tip upward or sideways
152
Inferior longitudinal muscles
Located in both lower sides of the tongue. Helps pull the tongue tip down, deviate tongue from side to side, retract
153
transverse muscle of tongue
Muscle courses laterally and helps to narrow the tongue.
154
Vertical muscle of tongue
Helps to flatten the tongue
155
Styloglossus muscle
Originates at styled process of the temporal bone and draws the tongue back
156
Hyoglossus muscle
Pulls the sides of the tongue down. Originates at hyoid bone
157
Genioglossus muscle
Originates at the inner surface of the mandible. Fans up and back to insert onto 3 places- tip, dorsum, hyoid. Helps to retract, protrude and depress the tongue.
158
Palatoglossus muscle
Considered a muscle of tongue or velum. Makes up the anterior faucial pillar. Sometimes called the palatalglossal arch. Function: elevate the tongue and depress the soft palate.
159
Condroglossus muscle
Part of hyoglossus muscle, depresses tongue.
160
Mandibular elevators
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
161
Muscles of protrusion
Lateral pterygoid
162
Madibular depressors
Digastricus
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Platysma
163
Masseter muscle
Originates at the zygomatic arch, elevates mandible
164
Temporalis muscle
Elevates mandible and draws back when it is protruded
165
Medial pterygoid muscle
Courses down and elevates mandible
166
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Protrudes mandible
167
Digastric anterior belly and posterior belly
Pull the hyoid forward and pull the hyoid back. Also depresses mandible.
168
Mylohyoid muscle
Originates on mandible and inserts on hyoid bone. Helps depress the mandible.
169
Geniohyoid muscle
Originates of the mandible, inserts on hyoid bone to depress the mandible
170
Tensor veli palatine muscle
Responsible for dialating the Eustachian tube.
171
Elevator veli palatini muscle
Elevate and retract the posterior sections of the velum
172
Salpingophsryngeous muscle
Muscle of the pharynx
173
Palatopharyngeous muscle
Forms the posterior faucial pillar. Narrows the pharynx and lowers the soft palate. Also called palatophryngeous arch.
174
Musculous uvula
Muscle of uvula, when contracted it shorten the soft palate
