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COMD 3100 Anatomy and Physiology of Speech > Ch 6 Anatomy Of Articulation > Flashcards

Ch 6 Anatomy Of Articulation Flashcards

0
Q

Vocal tract. The three parts.

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx

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1
Q

Source filter theory of vowel production

A

Speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as a sound produced by the vibrating vocal chords, through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes the output.

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2
Q

Articulation definition

A

The adjustments of the shape and acoustical properties of the vocal tract

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3
Q

Mobile articulators (name 9)

A

Tongue, mandible or lower jaw, velum or soft palate, lips, cheeks, fauces,pharynx, larynx, hyoid bone

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4
Q

Immobile articulators-4

A

Alveolar Ridge
Maxillae (upper jaw)
Hard palate
Teeth

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5
Q

What does hard palate consist of?

A

3/4 maxillae anterior

Palatine bones make up posterior 1/4 of palate

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6
Q

The facial skeleton forms the framework of…

A

Organs of mastication (chewing), speech production, respiration, special senses and muscles for facial expression

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7
Q

Facial bones (9)

A 
Mandible
Maxillae (2)
Nasal bone (2)
Palatine bone (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Vomer
Zygomatic bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Hyoid bone
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8
Q

Mandible

Coronoid process- where is it and what does it do?

A

Attachment for temporal is muscle

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9
Q

Mandibular foramen-locate it, what is if for?

A

Hole permits entrance of nerves and blood vessels from one side of the mandible to the other side.

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10
Q

Milohyoid line- locate it, what does it do?

A

Landmark for the attachment of muscle.

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11
Q

Alveolar part/ridge

Locate, what is it for?

A

The ridge that houses the teeth within the dental alveoli.

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12
Q

Mental symphysis

Locate, what is it for?

A

Marks the midline where the two halves of the mandible are joined and fused together.

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13
Q

Mental protuberance

Locate, what is it for?

A

The point of the chin

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14
Q

Mental foramen

Locate, what is it for?

A

The hole the permits the mental nerve and blood vessels to pass from within the bone to the external surface.

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15
Q

Corpus

Locate, what is it for?

A

Body of mandible

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16
Q

Angle

Locate, what is it for?

A

Point that mandible angles up the the ramus.

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17
Q

Ramus

Locate, what is it for?

A

The mass of the mandible rising up vertically from the angle

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18
Q

Mandibular notch

Locate, what is it for?

A

Separates the condylar and coronoid processes

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19
Q

Condylar process

Locate, what is it for?

A

Consists of a neck and a head.
The head of the condylar process articulates with the cranium at the temporal bone. Forms the tempromandibular joint- the only freely movable joint on the skull.

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20
Q

Frontal process

Locate, what is it for?

A

Located on maxilla. Articulates with the frontal bone of the skull.

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21
Q

Infraorbital margin

Locate, what is it for?

A

Helps form the eye socket

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22
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

On maxilla.

Allows passage of infraorbital nerve.

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23
Q

Zygomatic process

Locate, what is it for?

A

Maxilla

Articulates with the zygomatic bone

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24
Q

Nasal crest and nasal notch

Locate, what is it for?

A

Maxilla

At midline where to maxilla bones connect

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25
Q

Palatine process

A

Maxilla

Forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth/part of the hard palate.

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26
Q

Anterior nasal spine

Locate, what is it for?

A

At midline where the two maxilla bones articulate with one another.

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27
Q

Transverse palatine suture

Locate, what is it for?

A

The point where the palatine bone a palatine process meets

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28
Q

Horizontal plate or palatine bone

A

Maxillae

Posterior 1/4 of hard palate

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29
Q

Palatine process

Locate, what is it for?

A

Makes of anterior 3/4 of hard palate

Maxilla

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30
Q

Intermaxillary suture

Locate, what is it for?

A

Midline of hard palate, where two palatine processes articulate. If not fused together properly, a cleft palate remains.

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31
Q

Premaxilla

Locate, what is it for?

A

Located at the most anterior portion of hard palate. Connects to the palatine processes at the premaxillary suture

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32
Q

Incisive foramen

Locate, what is it for?

A

Formed in between the premaxillary and palatine processes. Allows passage of the nerves.

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33
Q

Nasal bones

Locate, what is it for?

A

Articulate with the frontal bones superiorly, the maxillae laterally, and part of the ethmoid bone inside. Form bridge of nose

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34
Q

Palatine bones

Locate, what is it for?

A 
L shaped bones located posteriorly to the maxillae. Help form the hard palate.
Sphenoidal process
Orbital process
Perpendicular plate
Horizontal plate
Posterior nasal spine
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35
Q

Sphenoidal process

Locate, what is it for?

A

Palatine bones

Articulates with sphenoid bone of the skull.

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36
Q

Orbital process

A

Palatine bone

Contributes to the structure of the eye socket

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37
Q

Perpendicular plates

A

Palatine bone

Run perpendicular to the horizontal plate. Makes up the wall of the nasal cavity.

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38
Q

Horizontal plate

Locate, what is it for?

A

Makes up the portion of the hard palate . Posterior 1/4

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39
Q

Posterior nasal spine

A

The midline where the two palatine bones articulate with one another

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40
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

Locate, what is it for?

A

Located in the nasal cavity. Also referred to as inferior turbinates. Makes up the inferior most part of the lateral nasal wall. Small scroll like bones. Adds additional surface area to the nasal cavity. Covered by a mucosal lining to help warm and humidify the air.

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41
Q

Vomer

Locate, what is it for?

A

Makes up the inferior and posterior nasal septum, which divides the two nasal cavities.

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42
Q

Zygomatic bone, parts and location

A

3 parts

Frontal process, goes up around eye socket
Temporal process connects with temporal bone
Maxillary process, connects with maxilla

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43
Q

Zygomatic arch

Locate, what is it for?

A

Helps form the cheek bone

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44
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Smallest facial bones. Forms the medial wall of the orbital cavity.

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45
Q

Cranial bones

6

A 
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Fontal
Parietal-2
Occipital
Temporal-2
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46
Q

Frontal bone

Locate, what is it for?

A

Makes up the forehead. Supraorbital margin, superior section of orbital socket. Zygomatic process of frontal bone connects with zygomatic bone

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47
Q

Parietal bone

Locate, what is it for?

A 
Make up the sides of the skull. Located at the part on the side of the head.
4 sutures
Coronal suture 
Squamosal suture
SAgittal suture
Lamboidal suture
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48
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Inside the skull. Greater wings are behind the eye and around the temple

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49
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Located in nasal cavity. Articulates with 15 other bones! Located behind the nasal bones in the interior of the skull.

Parts
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Perpendicular plate
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50
Q

Temporal bone

Locate, what is it for?

A

Just below the parietal bone where ears are located.
Can be divided into four portions

Squamous portion
External auditory meatus- opening for inner ear to enter into skull
Zygomatic process
Mandibular fossa

Tympanic portion
Styloid process- site of origin for styloferingous, styloglossus, and stylohyoidius muscle.

Petrous portion- houses organs of equilibrium. Such as semicircular canals and the copula

Mastoid portion
Mastoid process- attachment for stereo–mastoid muscle and other neck muscles.

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51
Q

Occipital bone

Locate, what is it for?

A

In posterior section of skull under parietal bone

Foramen magnum-opening allows passage of spinal chord and brain stem

Condyle- where the skull rests on the vertical vertebrae

Celebellar fossa-marks the location of the cerebellum

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52
Q

Crustacean galli

A

Ethmoid bone part

Attachment for the meninges (a protective covering for the brain)

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53
Q

Cribriform plate

Locate, what is it for?

A

Part of ethmoid bone

Separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity

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54
Q

Superior and middle nasal concha

Locate, what is it for?

A

Ethmoid bone parts

Scroll like extensions in the upper portion of the nasal cavity

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55
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Ethmoid bone part
Part of the nasal septum
Separates the nasal cavity into two cavities.

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56
Q

Ethmoidal cells

A

Holes in the ethmoid bone. Allow passage for olfactory nerves

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57
Q

Sphenoid bone

Locate, what is it for?

A

Very complex. Located within the brain case. Articulates with all of the bones of the cranium.
Consists of a body, two greater wings and two lesser wings. Optic canal foramen rotundum, hypophyseal fossa, lateral and medial pterygoid plates.

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58
Q

Greater and lesser wings

A

Located on sphenoid bone. Greater wing inferior to lesser wing but wider and larger.

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59
Q

Optic canal

Locate, what is it for?

A

Allows for passage of optic never. Located in sphenoid bone.

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60
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Allows passage for the trygeminal nerve.

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61
Q

Hypophyseal fossa, also knows as cellatersa pr pituitary fossa

A

Holds the pituitary gland

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62
Q

Lateral and medial pterygoid plate

A

Points of attachment for various muscles.

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63
Q

Supra orbital margin

A

Part of frontal bone

Superior section of eye socket.

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64
Q

Zygomatic process..fb

A

Part of frontal bone the articulates with zygomatic bone

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65
Q

Coronal suture

A

Suture between the frontal Ben ad parietal bones

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66
Q

Squamousal suture

A

The suture between the temporal bone and parietal bones

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67
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Between both parietal bones

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68
Q

Lambdoidal suture

A

Between parietal bone and occipital bone.

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69
Q

Important parts of occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum-opening allows passage of spinal chord and brain stem

Condyle- where the skull rests on the vertical vertebrae

Celebellar fossa-marks the location of the cerebellum

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70
Q

Squamous portion

A

One of the four sections of the temporal bone. Large and bowl shaped

71
Q

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

A

Extending anteriorly and articulates with zygomatic bone

72
Q

Styloid process

A

Part of tympanic portion of temporal bone. Site of origin for styloferingous, styloglossus, and stylohyoidius muscle.

73
Q

Internal and external auditory meatus

A

Part of squamous portion of temporal bone.

74
Q

Madibular fossa

A

Part of squamous portion of temporal bone.

75
Q

Mastoid process

A

Part of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Bone bump behind ear of the low portion of the skull.

76
Q

Sinuses inside bones of the skull

A

Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal sinuses
Maxillary sinus
Sphenoidal sinus

77
Q

Dentition

A

Teeth

78
Q

Central incisor

A

Front 2 teeth

79
Q

Lateral incisor

A

Next to front tooth, bottom

80
Q

Cuspid

A

3rd back, bottom..one point

81
Q

First bicuspid

A

4th back, bottom, 2 points

82
Q

Second bicuspid

A

5th back, bottom, two points

83
Q

First molar

A

Flat, bottom, 6th back

84
Q

2nd molar

A

My last tooth. Flat 7th back bottom

85
Q

3rd molar

A

I don’t have one last tooth. Wisdom teeth

86
Q

Crown

A

Area above gums of tooth

87
Q

Root

A

area below gums of the tooth

88
Q

Enamel

A

Most dense part of the tooth. Protects the tooth

89
Q

Dentin

A

Makes up the bulk of the solid portion of the tooth

90
Q

Pulp canal

A

Rich in nerves and blood vessels

91
Q

Gingival sulcus

A

The area between the gum line and the tooth

92
Q

Gingiva

A

Refers to the gum line

93
Q

Cementum

A

Bone-like substance that covers the root

94
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

Helps suspend tooth in alveolus(socket)

95
Q

Buccal surface

A

Surface of the teeth nearest to the cheek

96
Q

Lingual surface of tooth

A

The surface nearest the tongue. Lingual stands for tongue.

97
Q

Medial surface of tooth

A

The side between the teeth closest to the midline.

98
Q

Distal surface

A

In between teeth, the side closest to the back of the mouth.

99
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Aka baby teeth. Eventually 10 on top and 10 on bottom. 4 ins. 2 cuspids and 4 molars for top/ bottom

100
Q

Permanent teeth

A

32 altogether 16 teeth on each arch. 4 ins. 2 cusp, 4 pre molars/bicuspids, and 6 molars

101
Q

Occlusion

A

The process of bringing the upper teeth and lower teeth into contact. The relation between the first molar on mandible and maxilla will determine the occlusion.
Class 1- normal
Class 2 front sticks out
Class 3 bottom sicks out

Over jet is how far front sicks out
Over bite is how much the front teeth cover the bottom teeth

102
Q

Torsiversion

A

Twisted tooth

103
Q

Linguaversion

A

Tooth tilts towards tongue

104
Q

Buccuversion

A

Tooth tilted towards cheek.

105
Q

Distoversion

A

Tooth tilts away from midline

106
Q

Mesioversion

A

Tooth tilts towards the midline

107
Q

Infraversion

A

Tooth too far down into the gums

108
Q

Supraversion

A

Tooth is too far up above the rest of the teeth

109
Q

One bite

A

Front teeth are unable to meet. Rest naturally together

110
Q

Closed bite

A

Back teeth are unable to meet. Gets in the way of chewing.

111
Q

Cavities of the vocal tract

A

Nasal cavity
Buccal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharyngeal cavities

112
Q

Rugae

A

Creases on hard palate of the oral cavity.

113
Q

Velum

A

Soft palate

114
Q

Posterior and anterior faucial pillars

A

Bands of tissue located in the posterior boundary of the oral cavity. The palatine tonsil is located between these two pillars

115
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

Located between posterior and anterior faucial pillars

116
Q

Uvula

A

Marks the end of the soft palate, hanging ball thingy

117
Q

Buccal cavity

A

The space between the teeth and the cheeks

118
Q

Pharyngeal cavity

A

3 areas
Nasopharynx
Layrngooharynx
Orophsrynx

119
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Space above the soft palate

120
Q

Eustachianmtube/ auditory tube

A

Orifice is formed by lateral walls of the nasopharynx.

Main purpose of this tube is to equalize the air pressure in the inner ear.

121
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

Aka adenoids. Located where soft palate reaches to close off nasal cavity

122
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Space created by epiglottis and the esophagus.

123
Q

Oropharynx

A

Space posterior to the faucial pillars

124
Q

Torus tubarious

A

The fold of tissue that loops around the Eustachian tube. Helps dialte the Eustachian tube to regulate air pressure

125
Q

Upper part of nasal cavity is responsible for

A

organs of smell

126
Q

Lower part of nasal cavity is responsible for

A

Warm,moisten, and clean the air.

127
Q

Landmarks of the nose and mouth

A 
Bridge
Tip of nose
Nares/ nostrils
Columella nasi
Philtrum
Philtril ridge
Cupid's bow
128
Q

Obicularis oris

A

Sphincter muscle that closes and puckers the lips. Many muscles insert to this muscle to increase range of motion for the lips.

Superior-superior to upper lip

Inferior- inferior to lower lip.

129
Q

Risorius muscle

A

Insert into the corners of the mouth and help retract the lips. Smiling and grinning

130
Q

Buccinator muscle

A

Inserts into the orbicularis muscle and retracts the lips.these are cheek muscles and they help move food to molars.

131
Q

Lavator labii superioris muscle

A

Inserts in the upper lip and its job is to lift the upper lip

132
Q

Zygomatic minor muscle

A

Inserts in the upper lip, lifts upper lip.

133
Q

Elevator labii superioris alaeque ANSI

A

Inserts in upper lip, lifts

134
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Draws lips up and medially

135
Q

Zygomatic major muscle

A

Retracts corners of mouth up and out

136
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Depresses the lower lip.

137
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Depresses corners of the mouth

138
Q

Mentalis

A

Elevate and wrinkle the chin, makes a pouty lower lip

139
Q

Platysma

A

Depresses the mandible and helps open the mouth.

140
Q

Elevator labii superioris alaeque ANSI

A

Courses downward from the infra orbital origins of the maxilla, lifts upper lip.

141
Q

Tongue basic parts

A

Tip
Dorsum
Base
Root

142
Q

Dorsum of tongue

A

The superior surface of e tongue located in the oral cavity

143
Q

Base of tongue

A

Located in the oropharynx. Posterior portion of tongue.

144
Q

Root of tongue

A

Inferior base of tongue

145
Q

Foramen cecum

A

Long deep recess in the back of the tongue

146
Q

Terminal sulcus

A

Marks the posterior surface of the palatine surface of the tongue.

147
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides the tongue into left a right sides

148
Q

Vallate papillae

A

Small bumps on the tongue that may contain taste buds

149
Q

Pharyngeal surface

A

Posterior 1/3 portion of the tongue that

150
Q

Lingual tonsil

A

Located beneath the lining of the tongue. Tongue tonsils

151
Q

Superior longitudinal muscle

A

Runs along upper layer of tongue from back to front. Helps the tongue to elevate, retract, turn tip upward or sideways

152
Q

Inferior longitudinal muscles

A

Located in both lower sides of the tongue. Helps pull the tongue tip down, deviate tongue from side to side, retract

153
Q

transverse muscle of tongue

A

Muscle courses laterally and helps to narrow the tongue.

154
Q

Vertical muscle of tongue

A

Helps to flatten the tongue

155
Q

Styloglossus muscle

A

Originates at styled process of the temporal bone and draws the tongue back

156
Q

Hyoglossus muscle

A

Pulls the sides of the tongue down. Originates at hyoid bone

157
Q

Genioglossus muscle

A

Originates at the inner surface of the mandible. Fans up and back to insert onto 3 places- tip, dorsum, hyoid. Helps to retract, protrude and depress the tongue.

158
Q

Palatoglossus muscle

A

Considered a muscle of tongue or velum. Makes up the anterior faucial pillar. Sometimes called the palatalglossal arch. Function: elevate the tongue and depress the soft palate.

159
Q

Condroglossus muscle

A

Part of hyoglossus muscle, depresses tongue.

160
Q

Mandibular elevators

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

161
Q

Muscles of protrusion

A

Lateral pterygoid

162
Q

Madibular depressors

A

Digastricus
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Platysma

163
Q

Masseter muscle

A

Originates at the zygomatic arch, elevates mandible

164
Q

Temporalis muscle

A

Elevates mandible and draws back when it is protruded

165
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle

A

Courses down and elevates mandible

166
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Protrudes mandible

167
Q

Digastric anterior belly and posterior belly

A

Pull the hyoid forward and pull the hyoid back. Also depresses mandible.

168
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

Originates on mandible and inserts on hyoid bone. Helps depress the mandible.

169
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

Originates of the mandible, inserts on hyoid bone to depress the mandible

170
Q

Tensor veli palatine muscle

A

Responsible for dialating the Eustachian tube.

171
Q

Elevator veli palatini muscle

A

Elevate and retract the posterior sections of the velum

172
Q

Salpingophsryngeous muscle

A

Muscle of the pharynx

173
Q

Palatopharyngeous muscle

A

Forms the posterior faucial pillar. Narrows the pharynx and lowers the soft palate. Also called palatophryngeous arch.

174
Q

Musculous uvula

A

Muscle of uvula, when contracted it shorten the soft palate

COMD 3100 Anatomy and Physiology of Speech (6 decks)

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