Ch 6 - Alyssa *done Flashcards
- Instructional methods
techniques used to stimulate learning
Lecture
trainer presents to trainees the training content to be learned
Discussion
two way conversation between trainer and trainees, & among trainees.
trainees discuss, analyze and solve real problems
case study
case incident
one problem or issue is presented for analysis
trainees observe task performance and then attempt to imitate
behaviour modelling
role play
trainees practice new behaviours in a safe environment
using modes of physical/social events designed to represent reality
simulations
games
structured competition that allows trainees to learn specific skills
action learning
trainees solve real-world problems and accept responsibility for the solutiion
How to overcome disadvantages of lectures
Q&A, time for discussion, other methods of trainee involvement
Combining individual instructional methods
a program or course
One of the primary ways to increase trainee involvement
discussion (method)
o Five purposes of group discussions:
Helps trainees recognize what they do not know and should know
An opportunity for trainees to get answers to questions
Allows trainees to get advice on matters that are of concern to them
Allows training to share ideas and derive a common wisdom
Way for trainees to learn about one another as people
when is discussion most effective?
when trainer can convince trainees a collective approach is has advantage over individual (must create participative culture)
Objectives of a case study method
introduce realism into trainee’s learning
deal with a variety of problems, goals, facts, conditions and conflicts that often occur in the real world
teach trainees how to make decisions
teach trainees to be creative and think independently
requirements of case study
qualifications of trainer&trainees, space and dimensions (open information atomosphere), enough time
operational consulting
businesses report problems to schools, students analyze situation and report back to school (case study)
cases of a case study should be:
written by more than one person, accompanied by a teaching note, and be a REAL organizational situation, include enough info and background for readers to make qualified decision
4 key elements for observational learning to occur(behaviour modelling)
attention, retention, reproduction, reinforcement
behaviour modelling is based on 4 general principles of learning
observation (modelling)
rehearsal (practice) - break down, master and reinforce each step
reinforcement (reward)
transfer
for behaviour modelling, trainer must be:
seen as credible and trusted by trainees
Phases of role play
development (scenario
enactment (assign scenario and roles, given time to become familiar and act out)
debriefing (outcomes shared, correct behaviours reinforced, connect learning points to trainees jobs)
equipment simulators -
mechanical devices that are similar to those that employees use on the job designed to simulate thje kinds of procedures, mvoements and decisions required in a work environment
steps of successful simulation
preparing for the simulation
delivering the simulation
debriefing the simulation
following up on the simulation
physical fidelity
similarity of the physical aspects to actual job
psychological fidelity
similarity of the psychological conditions of the simulation to the actual work environment
skills targeted by business games
problem-solving, interpersonal, decision making
problem based learning
training methods that require trainees to solve real or simulated open-ended problems (like action learning)
Instructional Media
the medium or media used to deliver the training content and methods to trainees
audio-visual methods
various forms of media that are used to illustrate key points or demonstrate certain actions or behaviours
effective training methods
highly involve trainee in learning process and closely resembles the job; combo is better
3 major factors in choosing training method
Objectives, Costs and Use on the Job
aptitude treatment interaction
situations in hwich the effect of a training method depends on trainee characteristics
blended training
the use of a combination of approaches to training such as classroom, on the job and computer technology
training methods will depend on
nature of job & industry, size of training group, company budget & timeline, government regulations or subsidies, learning styles, and the trainer’s talents.
