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General Sociology > ch 6, 8, 19, 20 > Flashcards

ch 6, 8, 19, 20 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

socialization

A

the process where people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate for members of a particular culture

how to behave

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2
Q

microsociology perspective on socialization

A

we learn how to behave “properly”

we learn what to expect from others

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3
Q

role of socialization

A

creates an ideal cultural standard

can help to shape our personality

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4
Q

the process of socialization in which a person “rehearses” for his/her future career, occupation, or relationship

A

anticipatory socialization

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5
Q

the process of getting rid of previous behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one’s life

A

resocialization

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6
Q

specific ceremonies and celebrations that mark our stages of development

A

rites of passage

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7
Q

family, school, peer groups, mass media and technology, workplace, state and gov

A

agents of socialization

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8
Q

theory that culture completely determines behavior of everyone it socializes

A

cultural determinism

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9
Q

assumes human nature is plastic, and culture can form any type of personality or patterned role

A

cultural determinism

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10
Q

process by which roles determine how people are socialized

A

differential socialization

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11
Q

people are raised differently bc of different expectations of the roles they will preform

A

differential socialization

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12
Q

people’s personalities change to fit their jobs better over time

A

adult socialization

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13
Q

going along with peers

A

conformity

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14
Q

compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

A

obedience

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15
Q

behavior that violates the standard of conduct or expectations of a group or society

A

deviance

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16
Q

the labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups

A

stigma

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17
Q

techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any society

A

social control

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18
Q

used to casually enforce norms

A

informal social control

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19
Q

the more dependent members are on a group, the more they conform to group norms

A

principle of dependence

1 of 3 principles of informal social control

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20
Q

when group behavior is easily observed or monitored by other members, the degree of conformity will be greater

A

principle of visibility

2 of 3 principles of informal social control

21
Q

the greater the scope and extent of norms upheld by the group, the greater will be the contribution to social order

A

principle of extensiveness

3 of 3 principles of informal social control

22
Q

control that applies to legalized (formalized) rules and laws

A

formal social control

23
Q

limit opportunities; early intervention

A

prevention

1 of 3 methods of formal social control

24
Q

punishment must be perceived as certain, swift, and severe if it is to be effective detterents

A

deterrence

2 of 3 methods of formal social control

25
Q

resocialize people so they stop wanting to deviate

A

reformation and resocialization

3 of 3 methods of formal social control

26
Q

emphasizes that a person learns criminal behavior through interactions with others

A

cultural transmission deviance theory

27
Q

process through which violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes that are favorable to criminal acts
ex. exposure to “wrong crowd”

A

differential association deviance theory

28
Q

social relationships in a neighborhood or community affect people’s behavior

A

social disorganization theory

29
Q

when neighborhoods decline and become disorganized population leaves, building deteriorates, and crime rises

A

social disorganization theory

30
Q

attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants or “troublemakers” while others taking part in the same behavior are not

A

labeling theory

31
Q 
small, densely populated
poor transportation networks limit food supply distance
centers or disease and pollution
limited crime control
the attraction of citites
A

characteristics of pre industrial cities

32
Q

What makes a city possible?

A

agricultural technology
division of labor
transportation

33
Q

population of more than 2,500

A

urban

34
Q

population of at least 50,000

A

city

35
Q

small communities adjacent to cities

A

suburb

36
Q

“mother city” a city and its sphere of influence

A

metropolis

37
Q

centralized urban development; expansion along rail lines or “spider like” sprawl; city center is focal point; characteristic type of older industrial cities (eastern coast)

A

fixed rail metroplis

38
Q

decentralized urban development (can’t find downtown); expansion more even, determined by geography; suburbs are multiple points of focus; characteristic of newer cities (west coast)

A

freeway metropolis

39
Q

“community” small town, rural type of lifestyle

A

gemeinschaft

40
Q

“society or association” lack of cohesion, high fragmentation

A

gesellschaft

41
Q

synonymous with rational organization, a group created to pursue definite goals

A

formal organization

42
Q

tactics and procedures are designed and evaluated in terms of effectiveness in achieving goals

A

formal organization

43
Q

a component of formal organizations where rules and ranked positions are used to achieve efficiency

A

bureaucracy

44
Q

What is the limit of people a supervisor or manager can effectively manage?

A

7

45
Q

stifles creativity
promote people to their level of incompetence
can discriminate against minorities and foster reverse discrimination

A

dysfunctions of bureaucracy

46
Q

you end up staying in the job you don’t do well

A

Peter Principle

47
Q

when an organization’s survival is threatened, stated goals may be replaces

A

goal displacement

aspect of a natural system

48
Q

the members of an organization may not ascribe to the same goals

A

goal conflict

aspect of a natural system

49
Q

persons may be able to utilize an informal network to circumvent the chain of command

A

informal relations

General Sociology (4 decks)

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