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Bio 103 mini hybrid > Ch. 6-7 test > Flashcards

Ch. 6-7 test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

compare the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A

the products of one are the reactants for the other

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2
Q

where does cellular respiration occur

A

the matrix of the mitochondria

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3
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

in the chloroplasts

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4
Q

how are breathing and cellular respiration related

A

they both supply oxygen and ATP

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5
Q

what’s the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

glucose(C6 H12 O6) + oxygen (O2) = carbon dioxide (CO2) + water (H20) + ATP + heat

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6
Q

what’s the efficiency for cellular respiration

A

34%

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7
Q

how are redox reactions used in cellular respiration

A

someone needs to lose an electron for another to gain one

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8
Q

what does redox mean

A

to gain an electron

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9
Q

define oxidation

A

to lose an electron

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10
Q

define reduction

A

to gain an electron

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11
Q

describe the function of NAD+

A
  • an electron carrier
  • is a coenzyme
  • plays important role in glucose reduction
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12
Q

describe the function of FAD

A
  • an electron carrier
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13
Q

what do NAD+ and FAD become when they pick up electrons

A

NADH and FADH2

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14
Q

define aerobic

A

oxygen required

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15
Q

define anaerobic

A

oxygen not required

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16
Q

what are the 3 stages of cellular respiration

A
  • glycolysis
  • citric acid cycle (kreb’s cycle)
  • oxidative phosphorylation
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17
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

in the cytosol

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18
Q

what does glycolysis mean

A

glucose splitting

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19
Q

What is the energy yield of glycolysis

A

2

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20
Q

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic (the only stage that is)

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21
Q

define decarboxyalated

A

loses a carbon

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22
Q

where is the citric acid cycle located

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

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23
Q

what’s the energy yield of the citric acid cycle

A

2

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24
Q

is the citric acid cycle aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

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25
Q

how many times can the citric acid cycle spin

A

2

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26
Q

what are the products of the citric acid cycle

A

6 CO2
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP

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27
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur

A

the mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

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28
Q

what is the energy yield of oxidative phosphorylation

A

28

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29
Q

where are the most ATPs generated

A

oxidative phosphorylation

30
Q

is oxidative phosphorylation aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobic

31
Q

define substrate-level phosphorylation

A

how ATPs are formed

32
Q

what are the products of the citric acid cycle

A

acetyl CoA
CO2
and NADH

33
Q

describe oxidative phosphorylation

A

NADH and FADH2 give off their H to combine with )2 and form water

34
Q

define chemiosmosis

A

the chemical process of making ATP by H+ going from an area of high concentration to low

35
Q

how much ATP is produced from cellular respiration

A

32 for every glucose

36
Q

describe fermentation

A
  • a way of harvesting energy that doesn’t require oxygen
  • yields 2 ATP
37
Q

define lactic acid fermentation

A
  • when the need for ATP is high and the blood can’t transport oxygen fast enough
  • causes muscle soreness
38
Q

define alcoholic fermentation

A
  • used by yeast and makes C02 and ethanol
  • used in making alcohol
39
Q

how are carbs, fats, and proteins used as fuel for cellular respiration

A

your body burns them to make ATP

40
Q

in what order does your body burn calories

A
  • carbs (sugars)
  • fats (glycerol fatty acids)
  • proteins (amino acids)
41
Q

define cutide

A

waxy layer outside leaves, keeps water in

42
Q

define epidermis

A

the skin of a leaf

43
Q

define mesofill

A
  • middle
  • palacade and spongey
44
Q

define stomata

A
  • mouth
  • bottom of the leaf
45
Q

define vein

A

has a water tube + food tube

46
Q

what is a stack of thylakoids called

A

grana/granum

47
Q

define stroma

A

the jelly in chloroplasts

48
Q

how many times does the calvin cycle turn

A

6

49
Q

define photon

A

a wave length of light

50
Q

define photosynthesis

A

using light to make food

51
Q

define autotrophs

A

(producers)
make their own food

52
Q

define photoautotrophs

A

uses the energy of light to make food

53
Q

define producers

A

self feeders

54
Q

define heterotrophs

A

consumers that feed on plants or animals or decompose organic material

55
Q

what are the benefits of photoautotrophs

A
  • they feed us
  • they clothe us
  • they house us
  • provide energy for warmth, light, transport, and manufacturing
56
Q

describe the structure of chloroplasts

A
  • surrounded by a double membrane
  • stacks of thylakoids
  • thick jelly called stroma
  • has chlorophyll
57
Q

Describe the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis

A

H2O is oxidized
CO2 is reduced

58
Q

Describe the role of redox reactions in cellular respiration

A

used to harvest the chemical energy stored in a glucose molecule

59
Q

What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis

A

-light reaction (thylakoids)
-calvin cycle/dark reaction (stroma)

60
Q

describe chlorophyll a

A

absorbs blue-violet and red light

61
Q

describe chlorophyll b

A

absorbs blue and orange light, gives absorbed energy to chlorophyll a

62
Q

describe carotenoids

A

photoprotection from excessive light

63
Q

what are the two parts of the photosystem

A

reaction-center complex
light-harvesting complex

64
Q

what is the function of the light-harvesting complex

A

light-gathering antenna

65
Q

what is the function of the reaction-center complex

A
  • has a pair of special chlorophyll a molecules
  • one can accept electrons and become reduced
66
Q

what are the reactants and products of the light reaction

A
  • light energy and water
  • ATP, NADPH, oxygen
67
Q

define photophosphorylation

A

the electron transport train pumps H into the thylakoid space

68
Q

list the steps of the calvin cycle

A
  • carbon fixation
  • reduction
  • release of g3p
  • regeneration of RuBP
69
Q

list the reactants and products of the calvin cycle

A
  • CO2, NADPH, ATP
  • g3p
70
Q

describe C3 plants

A
  • normal plants
  • a drop in CO2 and rise in O2 when stomata close, making the calvin cycle go into photorespiration
71
Q

describe C4 and CAM plants

A
  • pineapples and cacti
  • fix CO2 into 4 carbon compounds that give CO2 to the calvin cycle even when stomata close
72
Q

what are the uses of sugars made by photosynthesis

A
  • used as fuels
  • starting material for proteins and lipids

Bio 103 mini hybrid (4 decks)

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