Ch. 6 & 7 Flashcards
What is Audience-Centeredness?
Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.
To be audience-centered, what three questions must you keep in mind when you work on your speech?
- To whom am I speaking?
- What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech.
- What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?
What is Egocentrism?
The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
Every speech contains what two messages?
- The one sent by the speaker
2. The one received by the listener
What is Demographic Audience Analysis?
Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background
What is Stereotyping?
Creating an oversimplified image of a a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike
What are the two steps involved in Demographic Audience Analysis?
- Identifying the general demographic features of your audience
- Gauging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation
What is situational audience analysis?
Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion
The larger the audience, the ______________
More formal your presentation must be
Audience size may also affect your
- Language
- Choice of appeals
- Use of visual aids
In terms of an audiences disposition towards the topic, what three things must you take into consideration once you select your topic?
- Their interest in the topic
- Their knowledge about it.
- Their attitude toward it
What is the definition of Attitude?
A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.
What are the three major types of questions to choose from when developing an audience-analysis questionnaire?
- Fixed-alternative questions
- Scale questions
- Open-ended questions
What are fixed-alternative questions?
Questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.
What are scale questions?
Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers
What are open-ended questions?
Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.
What is audience adoption?
Adapting the information collected during audience analysis to the actual speech itself
What are the two major stages in the process of audience adaption?
- Before the speech, as part of your pre-production and rehearsal
- During the presentation of the speech itself
Audience adaption before the speech essentially means two things:
- Assessing how your audience is likely to respond to what you say in your speech, and
- Adjusting what you say to make it as clear, appropriate, and convincing as possible
Audience adaption during the speech in similar terms is just
Adjusting on the fly
What are the four types of reference works?
- Encyclopedias
- Yearbooks
- Quotation Books
- Biographical AIDS
Three ways of evaluating internet documents are
- Authorship
- Sponsorship
- Recency
The principles of effective interviewing fall into what three groups?
- What to do before the interview
- What to do during the interview
- What to do after the interview
What are four tips for doing research?
- Start early
- Make a preliminary bibliography
- Take notes efficiently
- Think about your materials as you research
What are the three main sources of research?
- Library
- Internet
- Interviewing people
The library catalogue lists
Books
Periodicals
Other resources owned by the library
Databases help you find
Articles in
- magazines
- newspapers
- journals
When searching the internet, you need
A strategy that will help you find exactly what you need
Before an interview, you should do what three things?
- Define its purpose
- Decide whom you are going to interview
- Prepare the interview questions
Once the interview begins you should do what two things?
- Listen attentively
2. Take accurate notes
After an interview you should
Transcribe your notes as soon as possible
