Ch. 5 & 9 Flashcards
What is the first step in speech making?
Choosing a topic
What three things determine the speech topic?
- Occasion
- Audience
- Speaker’s Qualifications
What two topics can you choose from?
- Topics you know a lot about
2. Topics you want to know more about
A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas
Brainstorming
What is a personal inventory?
A quick inventory of your experiences, interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs and so forth that helps you find a more specific topic
What is clustering?
Dividing a piece of paper into people, places, things, events, processes, concepts, natural phenomena, problems, and plans and policies. List in each column the first five things that come to mind.
What is the general purpose?
The broad goal of a speech
What are the two types of general purpose?
To inform and persuade
What is the specific purpose?
A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in their speech
What five tips are there for generating a specific purpose?
- Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment
- Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question
- Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement
- Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea
- Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general
What five questions should you ask about your specific purpose?
- Does my purpose meet the assignment?
- Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted
- Is the purpose relevant to my audience?
- Is the purpose too trivial for my audience?
- Is the purpose too technical for my audience?
What is the central Idea?
A one sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech [what you want to SAY]
What is a residual message?
What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has has forgotten everything else in a speech
The central Idea ___________ and ____________ your specific purpose. It encapsulates the _________ ___________ to be developed in the body of the speech.
Refined and sharpens
Main points
What is strategic organization?
Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.
What are main points?
The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.
Does your specific purpose statement need to list your main points?
Not necessarily. As long as it hints in the direction the main points will go in
What three factors determine what the most effective order for your speech will be?
- Topic
- Purpose
- Audience
What are the five types of ways to order your main points?
- Chronological Order
- Spatial Order
- Causal Order
- Problem-Solution Order
- Topical Order
What main point ordering type is used the most?
Topical Order
What are three tips for preparing main points?
- Keep main points separate
- Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points
- Balance the amount of time devoted to main points
What are supporting materials?
The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony
What are the three types of supporting materials?
- Examples
- Statistics
- Testimony
What is a connective?
A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship among them
What are the four types of connectives?
- Transitions
- Internal Previews
- Internal Summaries
- Signposts
What is a transition?
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
What is an internal preview?
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next
What is an internal summary?
A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points
What is a signpost?
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas
Ex. “The second cause is…”
