Ch 6

Question 1

Attitude scale

Answer 1

A multiple-item questionnaire designed to measure a persons attitude toward some object

Question 2

Bogus pipeline

Answer 2

A phony lie-detector device that is down times used to get respondents to give truthful answers to sensitive questions

Question 3

Facial electromygraph

Answer 3

An electronic instrument they records facial muscle activity associated with emotions and attitudes

Question 4

Implicit attitudes

Answer 4

An attitude, such as prejudice, that one is not aware or having

Question 5

Implicit association test

Answer 5

A covert measure of unconscious attitudes derived from the speed at which people respond to pairings of concepts such as black or white with good or bad

Question 6

Evaluative conditioning

Answer 6

Process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing

Question 7

Theory of planned behavior

Answer 7

The theory that attitudes toward a specific behavior combine with subjective norms and perceived control to influence a persons actions

Question 8

Attitude

Answer 8

A positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea.

Question 9

Persuasion

Answer 9

Process by which attitudes are changed

Question 10

Central rout to persuasion

Answer 10

Process by which a person think carefully about a communication and is influenced by the strength of its arguments

Question 11

Peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 11

Process by which a person does not think carefully about a communication and is influenced by the strength of its arguments

Question 12

Peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 12

Process by which a person does not think carefully about a communication and is influenced instead by superficial cues

Question 13

Elaboration

Answer 13

Process of thinking about and scrutinizing the arguments contained in a persuasive communication

Question 14

Sleeper effect

Answer 14

Delayed increase in the persuasive impact of a noncredible source

Question 15

Need for cognition

Answer 15

A personality variable that distinguishes people on the basis of how much they enjoy effortful cognitive activities

Question 16

Inoculation hypothesis

Answer 16

Idea that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument increased later resistance to that argument

Question 17

Psychological reactance

Answer 17

The theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive

Question 18

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 18

The theory holding that inconsistent cognition arouses psychological tension that people become motivated to reduce

Question 19

Insufficient justification

Answer 19

A condition in which people freely perform an attitude-discrepant behavior without receiving a large reward

Question 20

Insufficient deterrence

Answer 20

Condition in which people refrain from engaging in s desirable activity, and even when only mild punishment is threatened

Question 21

Where do attitudes come from

Answer 21

Learning, experience, and genetic factors

Question 22

How do we learn attitudes

Answer 22

Social learning theory, classical conditioning, operant conditioning (positive negative reinforcement)

Question 23

When is attitudes a better predictor for behavior

Answer 23

More specific to behavior, stronger, I have more information about the thing I have an attitude about, attitude is highly accessible, attitude has cognitive and emotional components

Question 24

When is an emotional component a better predictor

Answer 24

When object is present

Question 25

When is a cognitive component a better predictor

Answer 25

When object is absent

Question 26

Attitude accessibility model

Answer 26

Encounter object > activate retrieval of attitude from memory > attitude (if retrieved) influenced perception > influences behavior toward object or situation

Question 27

Theory of planned behavior

Answer 27

Attitude towards behavior, perceived behavior control and subjective norms lead to intention to chance behavior which leads to behavior

Question 28

Elements to propaganda

Answer 28

Communicator, audience, message

Question 29

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 29

Two routes to persuasion: central route or peripheral route

Question 30

Central route

Answer 30

I think about messages and persuasion is a function of how strong the argument/ message is

Question 31

Peripheral route

Answer 31

Persuasion is based on heuristics and simple decision rules

Question 32

Peripheral cues: source

Answer 32

Must be expert, like ability of person, trustworthy, attractive, credible, similarity

Question 33

Peripheral cue emotion vs facts

Answer 33

Emotions are more likely to be processed peripherally