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Soc Psych test 2 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Sexism

A

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another

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2
Q

Stereotype

A

Belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics

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3
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups

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4
Q

Discrimination

A

Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group

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5
Q

Modern racism

A

A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize

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6
Q

Implicit racism

A

Racism that operated unconsciously and unintentionally

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7
Q

Ambivalent sexism

A

A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women they reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings

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8
Q

Stigmatized

A

Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic

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9
Q

Stereotype threat

A

The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about ones group.

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10
Q

Social categorization

A

The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes

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11
Q

In groups

A

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity

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12
Q

Out groups

A

Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, binging, or identity

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13
Q

Out group homogeneity effect

A

The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of out groups than among members of in groups

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14
Q

Social dominance orientation

A

A desire to see ones in group as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups

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15
Q

System justification theory

A

A theory that proposes that people are motivated (at least in part) to defend and justify the existing social, political and economic conditions

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16
Q

Stereotype content model

A

A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth

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17
Q

superordinate goal

A

A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups

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18
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

Theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources

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19
Q

Relative deprivation

A

Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others

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20
Q

In group favoritism

A

Tendency to discriminate in favor of in groups over out groups

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21
Q

Social identity theory

A

Theory that people favor in groups over out groups in order to enhance their self esteem

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22
Q

Social role theory

A

Theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women

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23
Q

Illusory correlation

A

An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

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24
Q

Subliminal presentation

A

A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them

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25
Contact hypothesis
Theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions
26
Jigsaw classroom
Cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts
27
Racism
Prejudice and discrimination based on a persons racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of wands racial group over another
28
Where do stereotypes come from
1. Social learning theory | 2. Social categorization
29
Social learning theory
Learn from media, books, friends, relatives
30
Social categorization
Build categories of the people the same way we do other things, sometimes based on visible differences
31
Psychological consequences of categorization
1 out group homogeneity effect
32
Out group homogeneity effect
Tendency to see members of out groups as similar (all men are___)
33
What maintains stereotypes
1. When we perceive a person who is part of an out group or we have a stereotype of creates expectations 2. Confirmation biases 3. Illusory correlations
34
Contrast effect
When someone violates our expectations we perceive that difference as larger than it is.
35
Confirmation biases
We confirm our expectations through belief perseverance or confirmatory hypothesis testing
36
Illusory correlations
Overestimate the relationship between two things that are unrelated or slightly related
37
Example of illusory correlation
Full moon and bad er nights
38
Prejudice
Positive or negative emotional responses and attitudes toward and individual based entirely or mostly on group membership
39
What can prejudice do
Enhance self esteem
40
Discrimination
Treating someone differently based solely or mostly in group membership
41
What causes discrimination
Individual biases or cultural/institutional biases
42
Ableism
Discrimination against people with disabilities
43
Heretosexism
Assuming they everyone is or should he heterosexual
44
Audism
People wanting the deaf to be just like the hearing
45
Lookism, size ism, weight ism, fatism
Discrimination against people who don't form to cultures physical attractiveness
46
Nepotism
Discrimination in favoring a family member
47
Antisemitism
Discrimination Against people of the Jewish faith
48
Papism
Discrimination against catholic faith
49
Classism
Discrimination against socioeconomic status
50
Elitism
discrimination based on education (you didn't go to an Ivy League school so you aren't as smart)
51
Why do we have discrimination
1. Realistic conflict theory | 2. Relative deprivation
52
Realistic conflict theory
Sociobiological / evolutionary hostility caused by direct conflict over scarce resources
53
Relative deprivation
We feel like we are the ones doing poorly compared to others
54
Types of relative deprivation
1 egoistic- I personally feel disadvantage | 2. Fraternal- my group is doing poorly compared to others
55
Social identity
Group membership that is a part of my self concept
56
Terror management theory
When made aware of our mortality we increase our use of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination
57
Modern racism
Subtle form of racism that emerges when it is safe, social acceptable and easy to rationalize
58
Implicit racism
Prejudice and discrimination that operated unintentionally and unconsciously
59
Ancient sexism
Form of sexism characterized by hostil sexism and benevolent sexism
60
Hostil sexism
Negative and resentful beliefs and feelings about women's abilities, values, and ability to challenge men's power
61
Benevolent sexism
Affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings (always holding women door or Pumping gas)
62
Social identity threat
Negative stereotype of group comes with the threat of being judged/ threatened
63
Stereotypically
Becoming objective of a self fulfilling prophecy
64
What can undermine performance
Stereotype threat
65
Solution to stereotype threat
Remind people things they are good at such as traits and abilities that are valued and not under threat
66
Implicit association test
Looking at pictures that are priming if you are identifying positive or negative with it
67
Who do gender stereotypes continue
Social learning theory and social role theory
68
Social learning theory
Various forms of media tend to run behind for cultural shifts
69
Social role theory
Gender differences get magnified in differences by the way roles are presented in societies
70
Additions to social role theory
Roles are unevenly distributed, roles come with behavioral expectations, persons behavior is function of role
71
When do gender stereotypes influence behavior, attitudes, etc
1. Some people are schematic for gender 2. Person or situation primes gender schema 3. When visually a minority a situation is highly stereotypic 4. Fewer cognitive resources available
72
How to reduce stereotypes and prejudice
1. Contact hypothesis 2. Other methods
73
Contact hypothesis
Works provided that personal interaction with out group is one on one, equal status, cooperation and interdependence, norms favoring interaction
74
Example of contact hypothesis
Jigsaw classroom
75
Other methods for reducing stereotypes and prejudice
Use information to alter and change how we think about a multi cultural perspective

Soc Psych test 2 (3 decks)

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