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Soc Psych test 2 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sexism

A

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another

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2
Q

Stereotype

A

Belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics

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3
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups

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4
Q

Discrimination

A

Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group

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5
Q

Modern racism

A

A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize

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6
Q

Implicit racism

A

Racism that operated unconsciously and unintentionally

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7
Q

Ambivalent sexism

A

A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women they reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings

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8
Q

Stigmatized

A

Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic

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9
Q

Stereotype threat

A

The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about ones group.

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10
Q

Social categorization

A

The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes

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11
Q

In groups

A

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity

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12
Q

Out groups

A

Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, binging, or identity

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13
Q

Out group homogeneity effect

A

The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of out groups than among members of in groups

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14
Q

Social dominance orientation

A

A desire to see ones in group as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups

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15
Q

System justification theory

A

A theory that proposes that people are motivated (at least in part) to defend and justify the existing social, political and economic conditions

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16
Q

Stereotype content model

A

A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth

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17
Q

superordinate goal

A

A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups

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18
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

Theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources

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19
Q

Relative deprivation

A

Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others

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20
Q

In group favoritism

A

Tendency to discriminate in favor of in groups over out groups

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21
Q

Social identity theory

A

Theory that people favor in groups over out groups in order to enhance their self esteem

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22
Q

Social role theory

A

Theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women

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23
Q

Illusory correlation

A

An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

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24
Q

Subliminal presentation

A

A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them

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25
Q

Contact hypothesis

A

Theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions

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26
Q

Jigsaw classroom

A

Cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts

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27
Q

Racism

A

Prejudice and discrimination based on a persons racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of wands racial group over another

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28
Q

Where do stereotypes come from

A
  1. Social learning theory

2. Social categorization

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29
Q

Social learning theory

A

Learn from media, books, friends, relatives

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30
Q

Social categorization

A

Build categories of the people the same way we do other things, sometimes based on visible differences

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31
Q

Psychological consequences of categorization

A

1 out group homogeneity effect

32
Q

Out group homogeneity effect

A

Tendency to see members of out groups as similar (all men are___)

33
Q

What maintains stereotypes

A
  1. When we perceive a person who is part of an out group or we have a stereotype of creates expectations
  2. Confirmation biases
  3. Illusory correlations
34
Q

Contrast effect

A

When someone violates our expectations we perceive that difference as larger than it is.

35
Q

Confirmation biases

A

We confirm our expectations through belief perseverance or confirmatory hypothesis testing

36
Q

Illusory correlations

A

Overestimate the relationship between two things that are unrelated or slightly related

37
Q

Example of illusory correlation

A

Full moon and bad er nights

38
Q

Prejudice

A

Positive or negative emotional responses and attitudes toward and individual based entirely or mostly on group membership

39
Q

What can prejudice do

A

Enhance self esteem

40
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating someone differently based solely or mostly in group membership

41
Q

What causes discrimination

A

Individual biases or cultural/institutional biases

42
Q

Ableism

A

Discrimination against people with disabilities

43
Q

Heretosexism

A

Assuming they everyone is or should he heterosexual

44
Q

Audism

A

People wanting the deaf to be just like the hearing

45
Q

Lookism, size ism, weight ism, fatism

A

Discrimination against people who don’t form to cultures physical attractiveness

46
Q

Nepotism

A

Discrimination in favoring a family member

47
Q

Antisemitism

A

Discrimination Against people of the Jewish faith

48
Q

Papism

A

Discrimination against catholic faith

49
Q

Classism

A

Discrimination against socioeconomic status

50
Q

Elitism

A

discrimination based on education (you didn’t go to an Ivy League school so you aren’t as smart)

51
Q

Why do we have discrimination

A
  1. Realistic conflict theory

2. Relative deprivation

52
Q

Realistic conflict theory

A

Sociobiological / evolutionary hostility caused by direct conflict over scarce resources

53
Q

Relative deprivation

A

We feel like we are the ones doing poorly compared to others

54
Q

Types of relative deprivation

A

1 egoistic- I personally feel disadvantage

2. Fraternal- my group is doing poorly compared to others

55
Q

Social identity

A

Group membership that is a part of my self concept

56
Q

Terror management theory

A

When made aware of our mortality we increase our use of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination

57
Q

Modern racism

A

Subtle form of racism that emerges when it is safe, social acceptable and easy to rationalize

58
Q

Implicit racism

A

Prejudice and discrimination that operated unintentionally and unconsciously

59
Q

Ancient sexism

A

Form of sexism characterized by hostil sexism and benevolent sexism

60
Q

Hostil sexism

A

Negative and resentful beliefs and feelings about women’s abilities, values, and ability to challenge men’s power

61
Q

Benevolent sexism

A

Affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings (always holding women door or Pumping gas)

62
Q

Social identity threat

A

Negative stereotype of group comes with the threat of being judged/ threatened

63
Q

Stereotypically

A

Becoming objective of a self fulfilling prophecy

64
Q

What can undermine performance

A

Stereotype threat

65
Q

Solution to stereotype threat

A

Remind people things they are good at such as traits and abilities that are valued and not under threat

66
Q

Implicit association test

A

Looking at pictures that are priming if you are identifying positive or negative with it

67
Q

Who do gender stereotypes continue

A

Social learning theory and social role theory

68
Q

Social learning theory

A

Various forms of media tend to run behind for cultural shifts

69
Q

Social role theory

A

Gender differences get magnified in differences by the way roles are presented in societies

70
Q

Additions to social role theory

A

Roles are unevenly distributed, roles come with behavioral expectations, persons behavior is function of role

71
Q

When do gender stereotypes influence behavior, attitudes, etc

A
  1. Some people are schematic for gender
  2. Person or situation primes gender schema
  3. When visually a minority a situation is highly stereotypic
  4. Fewer cognitive resources available
72
Q

How to reduce stereotypes and prejudice

A
  1. Contact hypothesis 2. Other methods
73
Q

Contact hypothesis

A

Works provided that personal interaction with out group is one on one, equal status, cooperation and interdependence, norms favoring interaction

74
Q

Example of contact hypothesis

A

Jigsaw classroom

75
Q

Other methods for reducing stereotypes and prejudice

A

Use information to alter and change how we think about a multi cultural perspective

Soc Psych test 2 (3 decks)

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