Ch 6 Flashcards
People who are in contact with one another, who share some way of thinking, feeling, and behaving; take one another’s behavior into account and have one or more goals/interests in common
Groups
People who share social characteristics
Social category
People who happen to be at the same place at the same time
Social aggregate
People who are emotionally close, know one another well and seek another’s company
Primary groups
Based on ties of affection and personal loyalty, involve many different aspects of people’s lives, and endure over long periods of time
Primary relationships
People come together to accomplish a specific purpose
Secondary groups
Impersonal interactions involving only limited parts of their personality
Secondary relationships
A group one uses to evaluate oneself, and from which one acquires attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms
Reference group
The group within one has membership
In-group
A group toward which one feels opposition, antagonism, or competition
Out-group
A web of social relationships that joins a person to other people and groups
Social network
A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach some common goal
Cooperation
A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups work against one another to obtain a larger share of the valuables
Conflict
A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of other individuals or groups
Coercion
Behavior matching group expectations
Conformity
A situation in which pressures toward uniformity discourage members of a group from expressing their reservations about group decisions
Groupthink
A social structure deliberately created for the achievement of one or more goals
Formal organization
Formal organizations based on rationality and efficiency
Bureaucracies
The ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will
Power
Power accepted as legitimate by those subjected to it
Authority
A method that involves isolating the mast basic characteristics of some social entity
Ideal-type method
The solution of problems on the basis of logic, data, and planning rather than tradition and superstition
Rationalism
The situation that occurs when organizational rules and regulations become more important that organizational goals
Goal displacement
The situation that occurs when previous training prevents someone from adapting to new situations
Trained incapacity
Organizations based on rapid response to change rather than on the continuing implementation of established administrative principles
Organic-adaptive systems
A group in which personal relationships are guided by rules, rituals, and sentiments not provided for by the formal organization
Informal organization
The principle that power tends to become concentrated in the hands of a few members of any organized group
Iron law of oligarchy
The use of one’s superior power in making unwelcome sexual advances
Sexual harassment
Consists of all the forces outside an organization that exert an actual or potential influence on the organization
Organizational environment
A pattern of interaction among authorized representatives of two or more formally independent organizations
Interorganizational relationship
