Ch 6 Flashcards
Dynamic tissue that is always remodeling building up and breaking down
None
What are the six important functions of the skeletal system
Provide support(Framework) protection (organs) assist the body movements mineral homeostasis participate in blood cell production store triglyceride
Two major tissues of the skeletal system
Bone and cartilage
A highly vascularized connected tissue with hard mineralized extracellular matrix found in two different arrangements in body
Bone
This type of bone is good at providing protection and support it forms the diaphysis of long bones and external layer of all bones
Compact bone
This type of bone is lightweight and provide tissue support forms much of the epiphisis and he internal cavity of long bones
Spongy bone
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers epiphysis of long bones
Articulate cartilage
Where is articular cartilage found
Where bones form an articular joint
What is the purpose of articular cartilage
Reduce friction
Poorly vascularized c. T. With matrix composed of chondroitin Sulfate
Cartilage
Fiber types distinguish _________from___________or________.
Hyaline fibrocartalige elastic
Tough outer sheath of dense irregular connective tissue on the outside of the bone
Periosteum
What is the inner osteogenic layer called
Osteoblasts
What direction do osteoblasts help bone grow?
Thickness NOT length
T/F osteoblasts help assist in fracture repairs
T
_______ cavity is a space within the diaphysis of long bones that contain fatty yellow bone marrow
Medullary
A membrane that line the medullary cavity
Edosteum
What is the endosteum composed of
Osteoclast osteoblasts C. T.
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells
Osteocytes
Mature osteoblast
Osteoclasts
Large bone breaking down cells
Dense irregular C. T. membrane that surrounds cartilage
Perichondrium
Cells that form cartilage
Chondrocytes
What firms capillary walls
Epithelium
Red bone marrow is found in…
Spongy bone
Yellow bone marrow is found in
Long bones
Red bone marrow =production of_______?
Blood cells
Yellow marrow adipose cells store?
Triglycerides
Diaphysis
Shaft/body of a long bone.
Epiphysis
Forms distal and proximal ends of a long bone
Metaphyses
Where epiphysis and diaphysis join
Humerus is what kind of bone
Long
Ex of Short bone
Carpal
Ex flat bone
Sternum
Ex irregular
Vertebra
Ex Sesmoid bone
Patella
Epithelial growth plate
Causes bones to elongate from both ends
T/F the epiphyseal cartilage is stil present in adults
F
What does the epiphyseal growth plate become?
Epiphyseal line
The medullary cavity is also know as
Marrow cavity
Osteoprogenitor cells
Bone stem cells
Concentric lamellae
Rings of calcified matrix
What is formed from concentric lamellae
Osteons
What encircles the bone beneath the periosteum
Outer circumferential lamellae
What encircles the medullary cavity?
Inner circumferential lamellae
Small space between the lamellae which houses osteocytes
Lacunae (lagoon)
Where are blood and lymphatic vessels found
Osteons Central canal
What supplies periosteum and compact bone?
Periosteal arteries veins and blood
_______is rich in Sensory nerves sensitive to tearing or tension
Periosteum
Intra-membranous ossification
Produced spongy bone
-may be remolded to produce compact bone.
A process where cartilage is replaced by bone
Endochondral ossification
What forms compact and spongy bone
Endochondral ossification
Used in forming flat bones of the
Skull mandible and medial clavicle
Intra-membranous ossification
How many zones are in an epiphyseal plate? And what are they?
4 zones Zones of resting cartilage Zones of proliferating cartilage Zones of hypertrophic cartilage Zones of calcified cartilage
The zone that consists of small scattered chondrocytes-not involved w. Bone growths
Resting cartilage
Zone in which there are larger chondrocytes stacked like coins
Proliferating cartilage
Zone with large maturing chondrocytes
Hypertrophic cartilage
Zone that consists of dead chondrocytes bc EC matrix has calcified
Calcified cartilage
Where bone become abnormally thick
Acromegaly
Disease with Excessive loss in calcium
Osteoporosis
Disease where bones become soft
Rickets
Osteomalacia
What factors does normal bone metabolism depend on
Minerals
Vitamins
Hormones
Break in a bone
Fracture
Series of microscopic fissures in bone that form without any evidence of injury to other tissues
Stress fracture
Anatomical appearance of fractures
Partial Complete Closed Open green stick Impacted Comminuted Spiral Transverse Displaced
Features can be named by
Anatomical appearance
Disease that produces fracture
Pattern of injury
Steps in repair of bone fracture
1) reactive
2a) reparative: fibrocartaliginous callus
formation
2b) reparative: bony calls formation
3) vibe remodeling phase
6-8hrs after injury formation of fracture hematoma-blood vessels breaking in periosteum and Osteons
Reactive phase
Takes place about 3 weeks after injury -soft callus
Repair fibrocartalige formation
Occurs 3-4 months after injury osteoblasts form a bony hard callus
Repair phase bony callus formations
Singh bone replaced by compact bone this occurs several months after injury
Bone remodeling phase