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Anatomy & Phisiology > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

0
Q

Dynamic tissue that is always remodeling building up and breaking down

A

None

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1
Q

What are the six important functions of the skeletal system

A 
Provide support(Framework)
protection (organs)
assist the body movements 
mineral homeostasis 
participate in blood cell production 
store triglyceride
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2
Q

Two major tissues of the skeletal system

A

Bone and cartilage

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3
Q

A highly vascularized connected tissue with hard mineralized extracellular matrix found in two different arrangements in body

A

Bone

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4
Q

This type of bone is good at providing protection and support it forms the diaphysis of long bones and external layer of all bones

A

Compact bone

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5
Q

This type of bone is lightweight and provide tissue support forms much of the epiphisis and he internal cavity of long bones

A

Spongy bone

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6
Q

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers epiphysis of long bones

A

Articulate cartilage

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7
Q

Where is articular cartilage found

A

Where bones form an articular joint

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8
Q

What is the purpose of articular cartilage

A

Reduce friction

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9
Q

Poorly vascularized c. T. With matrix composed of chondroitin Sulfate

A

Cartilage

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10
Q

Fiber types distinguish _________from___________or________.

A

Hyaline fibrocartalige elastic

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11
Q

Tough outer sheath of dense irregular connective tissue on the outside of the bone

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

What is the inner osteogenic layer called

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

What direction do osteoblasts help bone grow?

A

Thickness NOT length

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14
Q

T/F osteoblasts help assist in fracture repairs

A

T

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15
Q

_______ cavity is a space within the diaphysis of long bones that contain fatty yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary

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16
Q

A membrane that line the medullary cavity

A

Edosteum

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17
Q

What is the endosteum composed of

A

Osteoclast osteoblasts C. T.

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18
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone building cells

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19
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature osteoblast

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20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large bone breaking down cells

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21
Q

Dense irregular C. T. membrane that surrounds cartilage

A

Perichondrium

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22
Q

Cells that form cartilage

A

Chondrocytes

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23
Q

What firms capillary walls

A

Epithelium

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24
Q

Red bone marrow is found in…

A

Spongy bone

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25
Q

Yellow bone marrow is found in

A

Long bones

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26
Q

Red bone marrow =production of_______?

A

Blood cells

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27
Q

Yellow marrow adipose cells store?

A

Triglycerides

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28
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft/body of a long bone.

29
Q

Epiphysis

A

Forms distal and proximal ends of a long bone

30
Q

Metaphyses

A

Where epiphysis and diaphysis join

31
Q

Humerus is what kind of bone

32
Q

Ex of Short bone

33
Q

Ex flat bone

34
Q

Ex irregular

35
Q

Ex Sesmoid bone

36
Q

Epithelial growth plate

A

Causes bones to elongate from both ends

37
Q

T/F the epiphyseal cartilage is stil present in adults

38
Q

What does the epiphyseal growth plate become?

A

Epiphyseal line

39
Q

The medullary cavity is also know as

A

Marrow cavity

40
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Bone stem cells

41
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Rings of calcified matrix

42
Q

What is formed from concentric lamellae

43
Q

What encircles the bone beneath the periosteum

A

Outer circumferential lamellae

44
Q

What encircles the medullary cavity?

A

Inner circumferential lamellae

45
Q

Small space between the lamellae which houses osteocytes

A

Lacunae (lagoon)

46
Q

Where are blood and lymphatic vessels found

A

Osteons Central canal

47
Q

What supplies periosteum and compact bone?

A

Periosteal arteries veins and blood

48
Q

_______is rich in Sensory nerves sensitive to tearing or tension

A

Periosteum

49
Q

Intra-membranous ossification

A

Produced spongy bone

-may be remolded to produce compact bone.

50
Q

A process where cartilage is replaced by bone

A

Endochondral ossification

51
Q

What forms compact and spongy bone

A

Endochondral ossification

52
Q

Used in forming flat bones of the

Skull mandible and medial clavicle

A

Intra-membranous ossification

53
Q

How many zones are in an epiphyseal plate? And what are they?

A 
4 zones 
Zones of resting cartilage 
Zones of proliferating cartilage 
Zones of hypertrophic cartilage 
Zones of calcified cartilage
54
Q

The zone that consists of small scattered chondrocytes-not involved w. Bone growths

A

Resting cartilage

55
Q

Zone in which there are larger chondrocytes stacked like coins

A

Proliferating cartilage

56
Q

Zone with large maturing chondrocytes

A

Hypertrophic cartilage

57
Q

Zone that consists of dead chondrocytes bc EC matrix has calcified

A

Calcified cartilage

58
Q

Where bone become abnormally thick

A

Acromegaly

59
Q

Disease with Excessive loss in calcium

A

Osteoporosis

60
Q

Disease where bones become soft

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

61
Q

What factors does normal bone metabolism depend on

A

Minerals
Vitamins
Hormones

62
Q

Break in a bone

63
Q

Series of microscopic fissures in bone that form without any evidence of injury to other tissues

A

Stress fracture

64
Q

Anatomical appearance of fractures

A 
Partial
Complete
Closed
Open 
green stick
Impacted 
Comminuted 
Spiral
Transverse 
Displaced
65
Q

Features can be named by

A

Anatomical appearance
Disease that produces fracture
Pattern of injury

66
Q

Steps in repair of bone fracture

A

1) reactive
2a) reparative: fibrocartaliginous callus
formation
2b) reparative: bony calls formation
3) vibe remodeling phase

67
Q

6-8hrs after injury formation of fracture hematoma-blood vessels breaking in periosteum and Osteons

A

Reactive phase

68
Q

Takes place about 3 weeks after injury -soft callus

A

Repair fibrocartalige formation

69
Q

Occurs 3-4 months after injury osteoblasts form a bony hard callus

A

Repair phase bony callus formations

70
Q

Singh bone replaced by compact bone this occurs several months after injury

A

Bone remodeling phase

Anatomy & Phisiology (4 decks)

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