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Anatomy & Phisiology > Ch 5 Inegumentary System > Flashcards

Ch 5 Inegumentary System Flashcards

0
Q

What does the integumentary do for the body

A

Regulates Body temp
Protects body
Provides Sensory info.

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1
Q

What is the integumentary system

A 
Skin
Hair
Oils 
Sweat glands 
Nails 
Sensory receptors
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2
Q

The body organ more exposed to infection/trauma

A

Skin

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3
Q

Dermatology

A

Medical specialty that deals w. Structure/Funtion/disorders of the integumentary system

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4
Q

What is cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

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5
Q

What is the superficial thinner surface portion called

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

What is the deeper thicker connective tissue

A

Dermis

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7
Q

What type of tissue is involved w. The epidermis

A

Epithelial tissue

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8
Q

How many layers are in thin skin

A

4

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9
Q

How many layers in thick skin

A

5

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10
Q

What is the extra layer in thick skin

A

Lucidum (stratum lucidum; 4th layer)

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11
Q

Is the dermis vascular or avascular

A

Vascular

-bleeding if you get cut

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12
Q

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

A

Deep to the dermis but not a part of the skin

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13
Q

What tissues does subcutaneous layer/ hypodermis consist of

A

Areolar

Apidose

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14
Q

What extends from the dermis to anchor the skin to the subcutaneous layer?

A

Fibers

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15
Q

What does the subcutaneous layer serve as?

A

Storage deposits for fat

Large blood vessels to supply to skin

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16
Q

What are lamellated corpuscles

A

Nerve endings sensitive to pressure

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17
Q

What type of tissue does epidermis consist of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What are the four major cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocyte
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal macrophage cell
Tactile epithelial cell

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19
Q

What do keratinocytes produce

A

Keratin-a protein

Lamellar granules-release a water repellent sealant that decreases water entry and loss

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20
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • 8%of epidermal cells

- Produce the pigment melanin that protects against damage by ultraviolet radiation

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21
Q

Yello-red or black-brown pigment that contributes to skin color and produced by melanocytes

A

Melanin

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22
Q

What is the other name for langerhans cells

A

Intraepidermal macrophage

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23
Q

What arises from red bone marrow and migrates to the epidermis, and are easily damaged by uv light

A

Intraepidermal macrophage

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24
Q

What is another name for market cells

A

Tactile epithelial cells

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25
Q

What cells are the least numerous of the epidermal cells

A

Tactile epithelial cells

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26
Q

Where are tactile epithelial cells located?

A

Deepest layer of the epidermis

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27
Q

Tactile disc

A

Is flattened process of a sensory neuron

-detect touch sensation

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28
Q

How many layers does the epidermis ( thin skin) have and what are they?

A 
(4) 
Stratum basale- deepest
Stratum spinosum- 2nd
Stratum granulosum- 3rd
Stratum corneum- outer most layer
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29
Q

Continuous cell division occurs here and produces all other layers

A

Stratum basale

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30
Q

Superficial to stratum basale w. A layer of 8-10 keratinocytes

A

Stratum spinosum

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31
Q

How many layers of keratinocytes does Stratum granulosum have and what is it filled with…?

A

3-5 layers

Granules of keratin

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32
Q

Stratum lucidum is present in thick skin, what is considered thick skin?

A

Finger tips
Palms
Soles

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33
Q

How many layers of keratinocytes does stratum lucidum have? And are the cells dead or alive

A

4-6 layers

Dead

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34
Q

What purpose does the dead keratinocytes have in stratum lucidum?

A

Provides additional level of toughness in the thick skin

35
Q

Composed of about 20 layers of flat cell-remnants (like bags of turtle wax)

A

Stratum corneum

36
Q

T/F

Stratum corneum consists of dead keratinocytes w. No cellular organelles filled with only keratin proteins?

A

True

37
Q

T/F

In the outer stratum of the epidermis cells continuously shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata

A

TRUE

38
Q

It’s the process of replacing viable cells in the stratum basale with more and more of the waxy keratin protein

A

Keratinization

39
Q

Dandruff is and excess of ________cells shed from the scalp

A

Keratinized

40
Q

Constant friction can stimulate the process and produce______?

A

Callus

41
Q

Callus is and even thicker build up of….

A

Keratinocytes in the stratum corneum

42
Q

Where is melanin produced ?

A

Stratum basale

43
Q

Eumelanin

A

Black to brown

44
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Yellow to red

45
Q

What are freckles?

A

Clusters of melanin triggered by sunlight

46
Q

Is having more freckles s genetic trait?

A

Yes

47
Q

Keratohyalin

A

Darkly staining granules

48
Q

Also present in keratinocytes are membranes called?

A

Lamellar granules

49
Q

What do lamellar granules fuse to?

What’s it’s result

A

Plasma membrane

And releases a lipid rich secretion

50
Q

EGF

Epidermal growth factor

A

Hormone like protein.

51
Q

Nevi?

A

Birthmark/moles

Chronic lesions of skin that are Benign

52
Q

Malignant melanoma is cancer of what?

A

Melanocytes

53
Q

Chronic disorder of the skin

  • cause is unknown
  • poss. Genetic and disorder of immune system
A

Vitiligo

54
Q

Congenital disorder

  • complete or partial absence of pigment of skin hair eyes
  • defective enzyme in melanin production
A

Albanian

55
Q

Dermis

A

2nd deeper part of skin

56
Q

What kind of tissue is the dermis composed of? And contains what?

A

Connective

Collagen and elastic fibers

57
Q

What are the 2regions of the DERMIS

A

Papillary region

Reticular region

58
Q

Where does the Papillary region lie?

A

Just below the epidermis

59
Q

What kind of tissue does the papillary region contain?

A

Areolar connective tissue

60
Q

What does the areolar connective tissue contain?

A

Thing collagen and elastic fibers
Dermal papillae (and capillary loops)
Corpuscles of touch and free nerve endings

61
Q

What kind of tissue is the reticular region made up of

A

Dense irregular C. T.

62
Q

What does dense irregular C. T. consist of

A 
Collagen 
Elastic fibers
Apidose cells 
Hair follicles nerves 
Sebaceous glands (oil) 
Sudoriferous glands (sweat)
63
Q

Strir

A

Stretch marks excessive teasing or stretching in the dermis

64
Q

What ruptures when stretch marks form?

A

Blood vessels

65
Q

Tentiin lines(lines of cleavage) are

A

Tension lines in the skin

66
Q

What do Tentiin lines indicate

A

Predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers

67
Q

Plastic Sergio’s make their lines_______to normal cleavage lines to do what?

A 
//
Minimize scarring
68
Q

______ridges reflect contours of underlying _______ papillae and form the basis for______?

A

Epidermal
Dermal papillae
Finger/ foot print.

69
Q

What is the purpose of epidermal ridge

A

Increase firmness of grip by friction.

70
Q

What is the benefit of the epidermis

A

Resists damage offers protection to underlying tissues

71
Q

What is the benefit of the dermis

A

Provides temperature stability prevents dehydration and Limited healing

72
Q

What is the benefit of the subcutaneous layer

A

Insulate the store fat anchor the skin

73
Q

What are the different tactile sensations the skin can differentiate

A

Lite touch pressure vibration and tickle

74
Q

Sensor receptors are found in different players what are those layers

A

Superficially and deep

75
Q

Superficial receptors are called

A

Markel disk and Meissner corpuscles

76
Q

What are the accessory structures of the skin

A

Hair and nails

77
Q

Facts about hair

A
  • Present everywhere except for palms and soles
  • Helps with touch sensations
  • Protect the body against harmful effects of the sun
  • against heat loss
78
Q

What kind of cells is the hair made of

A

Dead keratinized epidermal cells

79
Q

What are the parts of the hair

A 
Shaft
 follicle
 root
Epithelial  root sheath 
Dermal root sheath
80
Q

What are the types of hairs

A

Lanugo
Vellus
Terminal

81
Q

Fine nonpigmented downy hairs that cover the body of the fetus

A

Lanugo

82
Q

Short fine pale hairs barely visible to the naked eye

A

Vellus

83
Q

Long course heavily pigmented hairs

A

Terminal hairs

84
Q

What type of hair replaces the lanugo of eyebrows eyelashes and Scalp

A

Terminal hairs

Anatomy & Phisiology (4 decks)

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