Ch 6

Question 1

Apnea monitor

Answer 1

A monitor used to alert the anesthetist when the patient has not taken a breath within a set period of time (10, 20, or 30 seconds). Detects a change in the temp of the air moving between the endotracheal tube and the breathing circuit as the patient breaths.

Question 2

atelectasis

Answer 2

collapse of a portion or all of one or both lungs.

Question 3

blood gas analysis

Answer 3

Measurement of the pH, bicarbonate level, and partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in the blood (most often arterial) blood obtained via an intraarterial catheter.

Question 4

blood pressure

Answer 4

The force exerted by flowing blood on vessel walls.

Question 5

calculated oxygen content

Answer 5

The total volume of O2 in the blood including both dissolved and bound forms (expressed in ml/deciliter). CaO2= calculated oxygen content in arterial blood. Arterial oxygen content is calculated using the following formula CaO2=(Hb x 1.39 x Sao2/100) + (Pao2 x 0.003) where Hb= hemoglobin in grams per deciliter, Sao2= oxygen saturation, and Pao2= partial pressure of oxygen

Question 6

capnogram

Answer 6

The graphic representation of CO2 levels generated by a capnograph

Question 7

capnography

Answer 7

Also known as the end title CO2 monitor. A monitoring device that measures the amount of CO2 in the air that is breathed in and out by the patient, by sampling air passing between the ET connector and the breathing circuit.

Question 8

cardiac arrhythmias

Answer 8

Any pattern of cardiac electrical activity that differs from that of the healthy awake animal.

Question 9

central venous pressure

Answer 9

CVP: the blood pressure in a large central vein such as the anterior vena cava. Used to assess blood return to the heart and heart function.

Question 10

circulation

Answer 10

Movement of blood through the body for the purpose of supplying all cells with O2

Question 11

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 11

Arterial blood pressure when the heart is in the resting phase between contractions. (compare with systolic blood pressure)

Question 12

doppler blood flow detector

Answer 12

A monitoring device that uses ultrasound frequency to convert the motion of RBCs in small arteries into an audible whooshing sound. Used to monitor pulse rate and if used in conjunction with a sphygmomanometer, systolic blood pressure.

Question 13

esophageal stethoscope

Answer 13

A monitoring device used to detect and amplify heart sounds via a catheter placed in the esophagus.

Question 14

flaccid

Answer 14

Lacking any muscle tone

Question 15

icterus

Answer 15

Yellow discoloration of the skin and MM.

Question 16

mean arterial pressure

Answer 16

MAP: The average arterial BP. It may be calculated using the following equation. MAP= Diastolic pressure + 1/2 (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)

Question 17

monitor

Answer 17

A process of tracking physiologic and reflex responses to anesthetics for the purpose of keeping a patient safe and ensuring appropriate anesthetic depth.

Question 18

oscillometer

Answer 18

A monitoring device used to measure systolic, mean, and diastolic BP by detecting and analyzing pulsations of blood in the arteries of an extremity.

Question 19

oxygenation

Answer 19

The physiologic process of supplying the lungs and blood with O2.

Question 20

partial pressure of oxygen

Answer 20

Po2; A measurement of the unbound O2 molecules dissolved in the plasma expressed in mm of mercury (mmHg). Pao2= Po2 in arterial blood; Pvo2= Po2 in venous blood.

Question 21

percent oxygen saturation

Answer 21

So2; a measurement of the % of the total hemoglobin binding sites occupied by O2 molecules. Sa02= in arterial blood; Svo2= in venous blood; Spo2= So2 as measured by a pulse oximeter; Sto2= So2 in the tissues

Question 22

pressure transducer

Answer 22

An instrument designed to measure fluid pressure that converts the pressure wave form into an electrical signal.

Question 23

pulmonary thromboembolism

Answer 23

The presence of one or more blood clot in the lungs

Question 24

pulse oximeter

Answer 24

A monitoring device used to estimate 1. the percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (Spo2) and 2 the pulse rate by detecting blood pulsations in the small arterioles.

Question 25

respiration

Answer 25

The process by which O2 is supplied to and used by the tissues, and CO2 is eliminated from the tissues.

Question 26

respirometer

Answer 26

A monitoring device used to measure the tidal volume and respiratory minute volume

Question 27

sphygmomanometer

Answer 27

A monitoring device consisting2 of a pressure gauge and cuff used to measure arterial BP.

Question 28

systolic blood pressured

Answer 28

Arterial BP during contraction of the ventricles (compare with diastolic BP)

Question 29

tachypnea

Answer 29

Rapid respiratory rate

Question 30

ventilation

Answer 30

The movement of gases into and out of the alveoli.