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Skeletal System > Ch. 6 > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, Cartilage, joints

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2
Q

What are 3 types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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3
Q

Identify perichondrium

A

Cartilage surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue; they consists of cells called “chondroblast”

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4
Q

What is the function of Perichondrium?

A

heal cartilage injuries & cartilage growth

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5
Q

What do chodroblast do?

A

make NEW cartilage

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6
Q

Describe the 6 functions of bone

A

Support: provides a structural framework for tissues in the body

Movement: function as levers w/muscles attachment points

Protection: protects internal organs (brain, heart, lungs, etc)

Mineral Homeostasis: plays a role in calcium regulation

Blood Cell Production: red bone marrow creates new blood cell

Energy Metabolism: osteocalcin stimulates insulin in pancreas

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7
Q

How many bones do we have in the body?

A

206 bones

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8
Q

How many bones in the Axial skeleton?

A

80 bones

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9
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126 bones

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10
Q

what are the 4 examples of long bones

A

humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula

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11
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

long, flat, short, irregular bones

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12
Q

What are long bones?

A

bones that are longer than they are wide

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13
Q

What are some examples of flat bones?

A

Sternum, cranium

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14
Q

What are Flat bones?

A

thin, flattened, & sometimes curved

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15
Q

What are short bones?

A

about the same length & width (roughly cubed)

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16
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Carpals, tarsals

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17
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

they don’t fit in any other category

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18
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

coxal bones (hip bone), vertebrae

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19
Q

ID the region indicated by 1. What type of bone makes up this region? what substance would you find here & what is the function of this substance?

A

Epiphysis, spongy bone makes up this region. Red bone marrow, produces blood cell (hematopoiesis): create red & white blood cells, platelets

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20
Q

What is the function of Red bone marrow?

A

produces blood cell(hematopoiesis): create red & white blood cells, platelets.

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21
Q

ID the region indicated by 3. What type of bone makes up this region?

A

Diaphysis, compact bone CT makes up this region

22
Q

ID the structure indicated by 6. What tissue makes up this region?

A

Articular Cartilage, is made up of hyaline cartilage CT

23
Q

ID the VOLUMETRIC space indicated by 12. What substance do you find here and its function?

A

Medullary Cavity, you find yellow bone marrow it stores fat

24
Q

ID the structure indicated by 14. What special cell do you find here and its function? Can bone heal without this structure?

A

Periosteum, contain: osteoblasts which are cells are important for bone healing & bone remodeling

W/o periosteum we wouldn’t be able to heal bone and our bones become brittle

25
Q

Organic components?

A

Cells, fibers, and ground substance

26
Q

Inorganic matrix?

A

Mineral salts(calcium phosphate) that invade bony matrix

27
Q

What do calcium salts do to the bone?

A

Make bone hard

28
Q

What do collagen fibers give the bone?

A

Give bone flexibility

29
Q

What is rickets ?

A

Your not getting enough calcium. Calcium can’t deposit itself in the bone: your bones become flexible.

30
Q

A disease in which you’re not getting enough vitamin c

A

Scurvy

31
Q

When you see a epiphyseal line that means?

A

That individual has stopped growing

32
Q

What is Intramembranous ossification?

A

All bone formed from membranous ossification

33
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

All bone formed from hyaline cartilage connective tissue

34
Q

What are the 2 ways cartilage grows?

A

Appositional growth & interstitial growth

35
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Chondroblast secret new matrix on existing surfaces—> cartilage expands and widens

36
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Chondrocytes secrete new matrix within cartilage—> cartilage grows in length

37
Q

what type of bone does endochondral ossification form?

A

Long bones

38
Q

What are factors influencing height?

A

Genetic, hormonal, sleep, exercise, stress, nutritional

39
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

The growth plate, is where the growth of long bones take place.

40
Q

What are some factors for bone growth?

A

Sex hormones, thyroid hormone, growth hormone

41
Q

What are sex hormones?

A

testosteron & estrogen

42
Q

What are growth hormone?

A

stimulate cartilage cells at the epiphyseal plate

43
Q

What are thyroid hormone?

A

replace cartilage needed for growth hormone

44
Q

What is the stimuli of the parathyroid hormone?

A

Low blood Calcium Detected at Parathyroids

45
Q

What is the primary effect of the parathyroid hormone?

A

to stimulate the activity of osteoclast

46
Q

what would be the effector of the parathyroid hormone?

A

kidney, G.I. tract, and osteoclasts

47
Q

what are the different types of bone fractures?

A

compression, impacted, compound, simple, comminuted fractures

48
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

Break in which bone splinters into many pieces

49
Q

What is a simple fracture?

A

Full break where bone is not projecting through skin

50
Q

What is a compound open fracture?

A

Full break projects through skin

51
Q

What is a compression fracture?

A

one bone is squashed

52
Q

What is a impacted fracture?

A

Break where one bone fragment is driven into another bone

Skeletal System (6 decks)

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