Ch 6 Flashcards
How many chunks does LTM retain?
Unlimited
How many chunks does STM retain?
About 7 chunks
What coding is STM
Acoustic (confusing letters that sound alike)
What coding is LTM?
Semantic. Poor recall for similar lists (huge, big great), normal recall for acoustically similar lists (mad, map, man)
How long does LTM last
Can last a lifetime
What is LTM capacity?
Unlimited
What is bahrick test
Tested memory for Spanish class over 50 years. Memory declined after 3-6 years, but no further forgetting 30-35 years out.
What is ebbinghaus expiriment
Created and used nonsense syllables to control knowlege from prior learning. Memorized and tested himself day after day, counted the amount of time to relearn for perfect recall. 30 mins to learn to list, 15 mins to release. Forgetting is rapid at first then levels off.
What is proactive interference?
Old info interferes with the learning of new info
What is retroactive interfereance?
New info interferes with retention of old info
What is interfereance theory?
Forgetting is the result of response competition
What is encoding and retrieval processes?
Encoding is putting information into memory, retrieval is recovering information from memory.
When is Memory best?
When cues/context is present at retrial are the same as the encoded at the time the memory was created.
What is Thomas & Tulving?
Study was on paired associate learning, weak associate cues were the target. Recall is better with weak cues than strong cues. How well you remember something depends on what cues and context is used during original learning
What is context dependent memory?
Environmental contexts ( physical: where you are, physiological: state of mind (drunk, mood)
Godsend and baddey study?
Deep sea divers learn 40 unrelated words on land and 20 feet under sea. Memory was better when context was kept the same. Learned in ocean, tested in ocean- learned on land:tested on land
What is state dependent memory?
Eich claims it is using pharmacological states as a context
What is the eich test?
Study is unrelated words while sober or drunk), test when sober or drink. Memory is better when context is the same
What is mood depending memory?
It is when mood state is used as a context. Happy or sad
What is eich & metcalfe?
Studies unrelated words when happy or sad. Tested when happy or sad. Results were memory is better when context is kept the same.
Mood dependent memory
Recall is better when mood at learning matching during test
What is mood congruence effect
Recall is better if material being learned matches the learners present mood
What is spacing effect?
Better memory with a number of study sessions spaced some time apart. 1 hour per 8 days results in better memory retention than 8 hours of cramming memory
What is testing effect?
Memory is better when an intervening test is given before a final test. Frequent quizzes and exams are better than re reading
What are mnemonics
Specific techniques to aid memory.
What is episodic memory?
Specific events or episodes, and personal experience. Thinking of your first date and thinking of pizza when being asked what you had for breakfast
What is semantic memory
General knowlege, facts, concepts, ideas
2+2=4
What is priming?
Exposure to one word facilitates other cognitive processing of another word
What are implicit memory tasks?
Word fragment and word stem completion. Shown to amnesia patients even tho they can’t conciously remember to see if they are reminded.
What are explicit memory tests?
Free recall (repeating words in any order) and recognition
What is declarative memory?
Facts, info, and ideas explicitly presented.
What is procedural memory?
How to do things. Info concerning action and sequences of action. Implicitly presented
What are levels of processing approach?
The differences are shallow or deep. Shallow processing is physical characteristics, deep is samantix meaning of the items
What is Crain and tulving (amnesia)
Surprise recall tests showed participants retained the best memory for words that had been fit into sentences.
What does anterograde amnesia affect?
Long term memory regardless or modality, spares memory for general knowlege, spares skilled performances, and showed hyper specific memory
