CH 6 Flashcards
Solutions or strategies of conflict management are dependent on the “good” at stake. What are these “goods” economist distinguish between?
- Private goods are excludable: it is possible to prevent other from getting them. There is also rivalry for private goods. (your car)
- Public goods are nonexcludable and nonrivalrous (clean air)
- Club goods are excludable and nonrivalrous (satellite televisions signals)
- Common goods are nonexcludable and rivalrous (wild fish)
Different kinds of goods pose different problems for cooperation, what are these problems?
- Concerning public goods there is underprovision: because anyone can benefit from a public good, no one has a strong incentive to shoulder the cost of providing it.
- Concerning common goods there is the “tragedy of the commons”: ex. In the 1990’s there was overfishing because every individual trawler captain had the economic incentive to catch as many fish as possible.
Why do international organization do not act as an incipiet (beginnend) world goverment?
- The sovereignty of member state is protected in the charters of most international organizations. The organization is not an effort to replace states.
- International organization is nit incipient world government because of its weakness. A state can refuse jurisdiction in case of the International court of Justice and the UN General assembly makes resolutions, not laws
What are the two reasons states have intrest in international law?
- Predictability is necessary for transactions to flourish and for the orderly handling of the conflicts that inevitably accompany them.
- Legitimacy; states apply to international law and organization to legitimize their own policies or delegitimize others, and that often shapes their tactics and outcomes. Legitimacy enhances a state’s soft power.
- Predictability is necessary for transactions to flourish and for the orderly handling of the conflicts that inevitably accompany them.
- Legitimacy; states apply to international law and organization to legitimize their own policies or delegitimize others, and that often shapes their tactics and outcomes. Legitimacy enhances a state’s soft power. International law can help the flow of policy.
- International law can help the flow of policy.
Whats the diffrence between collective security and and peacekeeping forces?
In collective security if a state crosses a line, all the others are to unite against it and push it back. In peacekeeping, if a state crosses a line, the UN steps in and holds the parties apart without judging who is right or wrong.
In 1990 UN collective securty was used for the first time in 40 years, why?
SU and China did not use their vote.
- Iraq committed an extraordinarily clear-cut aggression, which reminded leaders of the failure of collective security.
- The feeling that if UN collective security failed in such a clear case, it would not a principle for order in a post-CW world.
- The small states in the UN supported the action because most of them were fragile and had disputable postcolonial boundaries.
What are the three problems fir UN collective security?
- UN system works best when there is clear-cut aggression; difficult in civil wars.
- Collective security will work if there is no veto, if the five superpowers can’t reach agreement, nothing happens.
- Collective security works when UN member states provide the necessary financial and military resources, but it is difficult to imagine collective security working if the states with large military forces don’t contribute.
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What is the defeintion of Intervention?
Intervention refers to external actions that influence the domestic affairs of another sovereign state. Some analysts use the term more narrowly to refer to forcible interference in the domestic affairs of another state. The broad definition of intervention includes the whole range of behavior, from not coercive to highly coercive. The degree of coercion involved in intervention is important because it relates to the degree of choice that the local people have and thus the degree of outside curtailment of local autonomy.
Discussions of intervention often involve moral issues. Nonintervention in the internal affairs of sovereign states is a basic norm of international law. It is powerful norm because it effects both order and justice. Sovereignty and nonintervention are two principles that provide order in an anarchic world system.
What is the view of a realist on intervention?
- Key values in international politics are order and peace
- Key institution is the balance of power
- Intervention can be justified when it is necessary to maintain the balance of power and to maintain order.
What is the of a comopolitan on intervention?
- Value justice
- Key international institution is a society of individuals
- Intervention can be justified if it promotes individual justice and human rights; it is permissible to intervene on the side of the “good”
- Cosmopolitans left and right share the view that intervention is justified if it promotes individual justice and human rights.
What is the view of a Sate moralist on intervention?
- Key value in international politics is the autonomy of the state and its people.
- The key institution is a society of states with certain rules and international law. Ø
- The most important is nonintervention in the sovereign territory of another state.
- Intervention is justified only to defend a state’s territorial integrity or to defend its sovereignty against external aggression.
What are four situations (Michael Walzer) that could morally justify war or millitary itervention in the absence of overt aggresion?
- Preemptive intervention: if there is a clear and serious threat to a state’s territorial integrity and political sovereignty, it must act right away because if it does not, it will have no chance to act later. But the threat must be immanent.
- Intervention is needed to balance a prior intervention. The overriding principle is to allow local people to solve their own problems.
- Intervention is necessary to rescue people wo are threatened with massacre. If such people are not saved from total destruction, there is no point to nonintervention as a sign of respect for their autonomy or rights.
- The right to assist secessionist movements when they have demonstrated their representative character. If a group of people in a country has clearly demonstrated that it wants to be a separate country, it is legitimate to assist its succession because doing so helps the group pool its rights and develop autonomy.
What is self-determination?
Self-determination is the right of a group of people to decide their own political fate, and most commonly it expresses itself in the desire to form a state.
