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GYN exam 3 > CH 50 WORKBOOK - 1st TRIMESTER COMPLICATIONS > Flashcards

CH 50 WORKBOOK - 1st TRIMESTER COMPLICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

partial or complete absence of the cranium

A

acrania reported as early as 12 weeks predecessor to anencephaly

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2
Q

gestational sac without an embryo

A

anembryonic pregnancy (blighted ovum)

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3
Q

congenital absence of the brain and cranial vault with the cerebral hemispheres missing or reduced to small masses

A

anencephaly “frog face” seen at the end of the first trimester

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4
Q

gestational sac without an embryo

A

blighted ovum (anembryonic pregnancy)

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5
Q

during the first trimester, the bowel normally herniates outside the abdominal cavity between 8 and 12 weeks

A

bowel herniation

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6
Q

protrusion of the brain from the cranial cavity

A

cephalocele midline cranial defect herniation of brain tissue and/or meninges (brain membranes)

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7
Q

complete expulsion of all products of conception, including embryo and deciduas

A

complete abortion

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8
Q

a physiologic cyst that develops within the ovary after ovulation, secretes progesterone, and prevents menses if fertilization occurs; may persist until the 16th to 18th week of pregnancy

A

corpus luteum cyst

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9
Q

fluid-filled structure (often with septations) initially surrounding the neck; may extend upward to the head or laterally to the body

A

cystic hygroma one of the most common abnormalities seen in the 1st trimester most common: Turner’s Syndrome Trisomy 21, 18, and 13 If the hygroma resolves by week 18, the chromosomes are usually normal

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10
Q

a pregnancy that implants in a location other than the center of the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

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11
Q

congenital defective opening in the wall of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord; bowel and other organs may protrude outside the abdomen from this opening

A

gastroschisis difficult to diagnose in the first trimester

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12
Q

condition in which trophoblastic tissue overtakes the pregnancy and propagates throughout the uterine cavity; partial and complete

A

gestational trophoblastic disease –

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13
Q

simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy

A

heterotopic pregnancy

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14
Q

failure of forebrain to divide into two cerebral hemispheres, resulting in a single large ventricle with varying amounts of cerebral cortex; has been known to occur with trisomies 13, 15, and 18

A

holoprosencephaly should divide into cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles between week 4 and 8 3 types: Alobar (most serious), lobar, semilobar

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15
Q

pregnancy loss with products of conception remaining in the uterus

A

incomplete spontaneous abortion

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16
Q

a rare neural tube defect in which the brain tissue protrudes through a fissure in the occiput, so that the brain and the spinal cord occupy a single cavity

A

iniencephaly occupital defect involving the foramen magnum retroflexed spine fetus looks upward open spinal defects are present

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17
Q

pregnancy occurring in the fallopian tube near the cornu of the uterus; also known as cornual pregnancy

A

interstitial pregnancy

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18
Q

congenital defect of the abdominal wall with protrusion of abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord; the cord appears to enter the mass

A

omphalocele difficult to diagnose in the first trimester

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19
Q

decidual reaction with fluid occurring within the uterus in a patient with an ectopic pregnancy

A

pseudogestational sac

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20
Q

additional term for missed abortion or miscarriage

A

spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL)

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21
Q

a nonlethal genetic abnormality; chromosomal makeup is 45XO instead of the normal 46XX or 46XY. Cystic hygroma often is seen in affected fetuses in the first trimester. Survivors tend to be short in stature with low-set ears, webbing of the neck, a shield-shaped chest, and infertility as a result of an endocrine disorder caused by failure of the ovaries to respond to pituitary hormone

A

Turner’s syndrome

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22
Q

dilation of the cerebral ventricles without enlargement of the cranium

A

ventriculomegaly

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23
Q

results from a cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle with dysgenesis or complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis and frequently hydrocephaly

A

Dandy Walker 6 to 7 week of gestation

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24
Q

spinal irregularities with bulging within the contour of the spine

A

spina bifida can be detected late 1st trimester

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25
Q

partial or complete absence of the cranium

A

Acrania

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26
Q

gestational sac without an embryo

A

Anembryonic (blighted ovum)

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27
Q

congenital absence of the brain and cranial vault with the cerebral hemispheres missing or reduced to small masses

A

Anencephaly

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28
Q

during the first trimester, the bowel normally herniates outside the abdominal cavity between 8 and 12 weeks

A

bowel herniation

29
Q

complete expulsion of all products of conception, including embryo and deciduas

A

complete abortion

30
Q

a physiologic cyst that develops within the ovary after ovulation, secretes progesterone and prevents menses if fertilization occurs; may persist until the 16th week of pregnancy

A

corpus luteum cyst

31
Q

fluid-filled structure (often with sepatations) initially surrounding the neck; may extend upward to the head or laterally to the body

A

cystic hygroma

32
Q

a pregnancy that implants in a location other than the center of the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

33
Q

congenital defective opening in the wall of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord; bowel and other organs may protrude outside the abdomen from this opening

A

gastroschisis

34
Q

condition in which trophoblastic tissue overtakes the pregnancy and propagates throughout the uterine cavity; partial and complete

A

gestational trophoblastic disease

35
Q

simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy

A

heterotopic pregnancy

36
Q

failure of forebrain to divide into cerebral hemispheres, resulting in a single large ventricle with varying amounts of cerebral cortex; has been known to occur with trisomies 13, 15 and 18

A

holoprosencephaly

37
Q

pregnancy loss with products of conception remaining in the uterus

A

incomplete abortion

38
Q

a rare neural tube defect in which the brain tissue protrudes through a fissure in the occiput, so that the brain and the spinal cord occupy a single cavity

A

iniencephaly

39
Q

pregnancy occurring in the fallopian tube near the cornu of the uterus; AKA cornual pregnancy

A

interstitial pregnancy

40
Q

congenital defect of the abdominal wall with protrusion of abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord; the cord appears to enter the mass

A

omphalocele

41
Q

additional term for missed abortion or miscarriage

A

spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL)

42
Q

a nonlethal genetic abnormality; chromosomal makeup is 45XO instead of the normal 46XX or 46XY. Cystic hygroma often is seen in affected in the first trimester. Survivors tend to be short in stature with low-set ears, webbing of the neck, a shield-shape chest, and infertility as a result of an endocrine disorder caused by failure of the ovaries to respond to pituitary hormone

A

Turner’s syndrome

43
Q

dilation of the cerebral ventricles without enlargement of the cranium

A

ventriculomegaly

44
Q

The dominant structure seen within the embryonic cranium within the first trimester is the:

A

choroid plexus

45
Q

___________ of the cranial vault is not complete in the first trimester; the resulting false cranial border definition may give rise to a false-negative diagnosis for cranial anomaly

A

ossification

46
Q

an abnormality that may be seen near the end of the first trimester when there is absence of the cranium superior to the orbits with preservation of the base of the skill and facial features with the brain projected from the open cranial vault

A

anencephaly

47
Q

in ____________ the choroid plexus is shown to be “dangling” in the dilated dependent lateral ventricle.

A

ventriculomegaly

48
Q

On U/S a large posterior fossa cyst that is continuous with the fourth ventricle an elevated tentorium, and dilation of the third and lateral ventricles may be seen in a fetus with _____________ ________.

A

Dandy-walker malformation

49
Q

The fetal urinary bladder becomes sonographically apparent at _______ weeks

A

12-Oct

50
Q

one of the most common abnormalities seen sonographically in the first trimester is ______ ________

A

cystic hygroma

51
Q

sonographically, placental hematomas may be difficult to distinguish from __________ hemorrhages

A

subchorionic

52
Q

by far the most common ovarian mass seen in the first trimester of pregnancy is a ______ ______ cyst

A

corpus luteum

53
Q

List associated risks factors for ectopic pregnancies

A

PID, IUD, Fallopian tube SX, infertility TX, HX of prior ectopics

54
Q

the most important finding in scanning for ectopic pregnancy is to determine if there is a normal intrauterine gestation or if the uterine cavity is ______ and an adnexal ____ is present

A

empty; mass

55
Q

as many as 20% of patients with ectopic pregnancy demonstrate an intrauterine saclike structure known as the _____________ ____

A

pseudogestational sac

56
Q

embyronic cardiac rates lower than __ BPM at any gestational age within the first trimester have been shown to be a poor prognosis

A

90

57
Q

cornual pregnancy, or _________, is potentially the most life-threatening of all ectopic pregnancies

A

interstitial

58
Q

the most common occurrence of bleeding in the first trimester results from ________ hemorrhages

A

subchorionic

59
Q

several sonographic findings may be shown with _________ abortion, ranging from an intact gestational sac with a nonliving embryo to a collapsed gestational sac that is grossly misshapen

A

incomplete

60
Q

a proliferative disease of the trophoblast after a pregnancy is ________ ________ disease

A

gestational trophoblastic

61
Q

in the above condition, serum levels of beta-hCG are dramatically _______ often to greater than 100,000 IU/mL

A

elevated

62
Q

the characteristic “_____ ______” appearance of hydatidiform mole, which includes a moderately echogenic soft tissue mass filling the uterine cavity and stubbed with small cystic representing hydropic chorionic villi, may be seen on U/S

A

snow storm

63
Q

bilateral ______ _____ cysts have been reported in as many as half of molar pregnancies.

A

theca-lutein

64
Q

a young female in her first trimester presented in the ER with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels, bleeding, and pelvic pain. what are the sonographic findings?

A

A) sagittal midline TV image shows uterus w/out an embryo

B) coronal image of right adnexa show ectopic gestational sac

65
Q

sonogram of 1st trimester pregnancy demonstrates this condition:

A

cervical pregnancy: gestational sac w/ intrauterine contents can be seen in the cervical region of the uterus

66
Q

name the structure that the arrows are pointing to in this 13 week embryo

A

skull is absent from fetal forehead to the top of the cranium In this anacephalc fetus.

67
Q

The mother presented with an elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein level, larger than appropriate for dates and bleeding. Describe the sonographic findings in this fetus.

A

uterus is filled with tiny grapelike clusters of tissue, which represents hydatidiform mole

68
Q

this was an US on a 13.5 week fetus. describe the sonographic findings

A
  • presets with marked ventriculomegaly very early in 2nd trimester
  • normally choroids fill the lateral ventricles at this gestational age

GYN exam 3 (7 decks)

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