CH 48 ETHICS IN OB WB EX

Question 1

self-governing or self-directing freedom and especially moral independence; the right of persons to choose and to have their choices respected

Answer 1

autonomy

Question 2

bringing about good by maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm

Answer 2

beneficence

Question 3

holding information in confidence; respect for privacy

Answer 3

confidentiality

Question 4

the study of what is good and bad and of moral duty and obligation; systematic reflection on and analysis of morality

Answer 4

ethics

Question 5

providing complete information and ensuring comprehension and voluntary consent by a patient or subject to a required or experimental medical procedure

Answer 5

informed consent

Question 6

adherence to moral and ethical principles

Answer 6

integrity

Question 7

the ethical principle that requires fair distribution of benefits and burdens; an injustice occurs when a benefit to which a person is entitled is withheld or when a burden is unfairly imposed

Answer 7

justice

Question 8

the protection of cherished values that relate to how persons interact and live in peace

Answer 8

morality

Question 9

refraining from harming oneself or others

Answer 9

nonmaleficence

Question 10

incorporates both respect for the autonomy of individuals and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy

Answer 10

respect for persons

Question 11

truthfulness, honesty

Answer 11

veracity

Question 12

Ethics is defined as systematic reflection on an analysis of _____________.

Answer 12

Morality

Question 13

Morality concerns ____________ conduct (what we ought or ought not do) and ____________ character (the kinds of persons we should becomes and the virtues we should cultivate in doing so)

Answer 13

Right and wrong, good and bad

Question 14

Morality reflects duties and ________

Answer 14

Values

Question 15

To demonstrate values, a person has to have rights of expression, so ___________ and ___________ are also integral parts of morality

Answer 15

Freedom , autonomy

Question 16

Discussion, reflection, and discourse on morality are known as _____________.

Answer 16

ethics

Question 17

Hippocrates cautioned his students to primum non nocere, which means ___________________.

Answer 17

First do no harm

Question 18

The principle of ___________________ directs the sonographer to not cause harm

Answer 18

Nonmaleficence

Question 19

Application of the principle of nonmaleficence requires the sonographer to obtain appropriate _________________ and clinical skills to ensure competence in performing each examination required.

Answer 19

Education

Question 20

Use of obstetric ultrasound must be justified by the goal of seeking the greater balance of clinical “goods” over “harms” not simply preventing harm to the patient at all costs. The principle is called _____________ and provides a more comprehensive basis for ethics in sonography than is provided by nonmaleficence

Answer 20

Beneficence

Question 21

Beneficence encourages sonographers to go beyond the ______________ standard protocol and to seek additional images and information if achievable and in the interest of patients.

Answer 21

Minimum

Question 22

Beneficence requires sonographers to focus on small comforts for the patient, respecting their _______________ and the inclusion of family

Answer 22

Privacy

Question 23

Beneficence, similar to nonmaleficence, requires _____________, ________________, and excellent ______________ skills to ensure that the patient and the fetus receive the greatest benefit of the examination

Answer 23

Competency, knowledge, sonographic

Question 24

A person’s capacity to formulate, express, and carry out value-based preferences is referred to as __________________.

Answer 24

Autonomy

Question 25

Informed __________________ is an autonomy based right. Each health professional has autonomy-based obligations regarding this process

Answer 25

Consent

Question 26

If a practitioner asks a sonographer to perform an examination that he or she is not competent to do, it is essential for the sonographer to be truthful about his or her limitations to protect the patient. This is an example of ____________.

Answer 26

Veracity

Question 27

___________________ means simply that sonographers must strive to treat all patients equally.

Answer 27

Justice

Question 28

Justice and autonomy are the ethical principles that determine the ___________________ of the routine obstetric sonography examinations

Answer 28

Timing

Question 29

The obligation of confidentiality derives from the principles of _____________ (the patient will be more forthcoming) and respect for autonomy (the patient’s privacy rights are protected.

Answer 29

Beneficence

Question 30

Ethics is defined as systematic reflection on an analysis of _____________.

Answer 30

Morality

Question 31

Morality reflects duties and ________

Answer 31

Values

Question 32

To demonstrate values, a person has to have rights of expression, so ___________ and ___________ are also integral parts of morality

Answer 32

Freedom , autonomy

Question 33

Discussion, reflection, and discourse on morality are known as _____________.

Answer 33

ethics