Ch 50 Pt 2

Question 1

Organ of Corti basilar membrane

Answer 1

Vibrates and pushes the hair cells against the tectorial membrane causing them to bend

Question 2

Organ of Corti mechanosensitive channels

Answer 2

In the hair cells depolarize them

Information is carried by the ear to the auditory nerve

Question 3

Each area along the basilar membrane has hair cells sensitive to ____ specific frequency of sound wave

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Tonotopic organization

Answer 4

Cells respond to particular frequency

Question 5

Vestibular System

Answer 5

Balance, equilibrium, posture, head, body, eye movement

Question 6

Semicircular canals

Answer 6

3 distinct planes

Head rotation

Question 7

Saccule and Utricle

Answer 7

Detect changes in head angle, gravity, linear acceleration

Question 8

Motion sickness

Answer 8

Disruption between vestibular and visual systems

Question 9

Chemical senses

Answer 9

Gustafson and olfaction

Question 10

Taste bud

Answer 10

~100 taste receptor cells

Microvilli increase surface area

Question 11

Taste transduction

Answer 11

GPCR process (bitter, sweet, umami)
Inhibit ion channels (sour)
Activate ion channels (salt and sour)

Question 12

Taste stimuli cause

Answer 12

Membrane depolarization and rise in intracellular Ca2+

Question 13

Smell is the only sensory receptor to

Answer 13

Directly make first synapse in the brain

Question 14

Olfactory neurons have

Answer 14

High intracellular Cl

Question 15

Depolarization

Answer 15

Opening of Cl channel

Question 16

Cornea

Answer 16

Initial fixed lens

Question 17

Pupil

Answer 17

Hole that allows light in (diameter determined by iris)

Question 18

Lens

Answer 18

Focuses light onto the back of the eye

Question 19

Retina

Answer 19

Phototransduction

Ganglion, interneuron, photoreceptors

Question 20

Accommodation

Answer 20

Lens changes shape to maintain focus

Contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles alters lens shape

Question 21

Hyperopia

Answer 21

Farsighted

Focal point behind retina

Question 22

Myopia

Answer 22

Nearsighted

Focal point in front of retina

Question 23

Presbyopia

Answer 23

Loss of lens accommodation (aging)

Question 24

Astigmatism

Answer 24

Imperfect cornea shape (2 focal points)

Question 25

Fovea

Answer 25

Put in the retina where outer layers are pushed aside

Maximizes visual acuity

Question 26

Central fovea

Answer 26

All cones, no rods

Question 27

Rods

Answer 27

Rhodopsin

Question 28

Cones

Answer 28

3 different photopigments

Question 29

3 cortical pathways

Answer 29

Motion, color, shape