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ATI FUNDATION BOOK > *CH 50 adverse effects interactions and contradictions > Flashcards

*CH 50 adverse effects interactions and contradictions Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system effects

A

Stimulation (excitement)

CNS depression

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2
Q

Nurses action for CNS effects

A

implement seizure precautions for CNS stimulation

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3
Q

Client education for CNS effects

A

CNS depression do not drive operate heavy machinery or participate in dangerous activities

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4
Q

extrapyramidal symptoms

A

abnormal body movements

ex: tremors rigidity, restlessness, acute dystonia (spastic movement of the back neck tongue face)

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5
Q

Nurse action for extrapyramidal symptoms

A

most common on mental health meds that target CNS

keep client safe when movement and balanced are uncontrollable

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6
Q

Anticholinergic effects

A

result from muscarinic receptor blockade and effect the eyes, smooth muscle tone, exocrine glands and heart.

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7
Q

nurse action for Anticholinergic effects

A

sip fluids for dry mouth
wear sunglasses outdoors to prevent photophobia
urinate before taking meds to reduce urinary retention
increase exercise fiber and fluids to prevent constipation
reduce overheating bc you might not sweat

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8
Q

Cardiovascular effect

A

involve blood vessels and heart

ant-hypertensives can cause orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

nursing action for cardiovascular effect

A

instruct pt to sit or lie down and get up slowly when needed to reduce light headedness

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10
Q

GI effects

A

local irritation of the GI tract
stimulation of vomiting center
stimulation or slowing bowel motility

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11
Q

Nursing action of GI effects

A

Many NSAIDS cause GI distress

take meds with food notify provider about consistent GI effects

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12
Q

Hematologic effects

A

common AND life threatening

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13
Q

nursing action for hematologic effects

A

bone marrow depression can result from anticancer meds
hemorrhagic disorders from anticoagulants and thrombolytics
pt should report bruising discolored urine stool petechiae and bleeding gums

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14
Q

Hepatotoxicity

A

damage to the liver

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15
Q

nursing action for hepatoxicity

A

increase liver damage when 2 meds are hepatotoxic

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16
Q

Nephrotoxicity

A

result of antimicrobial agents and NSAIDS

impaired kidney function interferes with meds excretion –> accumulation and adverse effects

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17
Q

nursing action for nephrotoxicity

A

aminoglycosides can cause kidney damage

monitor Blood creatinine and BUN levels

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18
Q

Toxicity

A

sever and potential life threatening effects from excessive dosing but can also occur in therapeutic levels

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19
Q

fun fact

A

acetylcysteine minimizes liver damage due to acetaminophen toxicity

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20
Q

rapid hypersensitivity

A

rapid or immediate
occurs when inhaling, ingestion, injection direct contact with allergen
allergies to substances

21
Q

rapid hypersensitivity results

A

acute inflammation
histamine release
vasoactive amines release

22
Q

rapid hypersensitivity reactions

A

include superficial response (hay fever, rhinosinusitis) allergic asthma anaphylaxis angioedema

23
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of deep tissue ( lips, face, neck) can occur in first 24 hours or long exposure. NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors are the most common meds that can cause angioedema

24
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

rapid systemic reaction following allergic response to an allergen. (dyes food, bites, stings, foods)

25
Q

anaphylaxis symptoms

A

GI cramping
itching hives
progression of angioedema and intensely large itchy hives

26
Q

anaphylaxis respiratory manifestation

A 
lung crackles wheezing 
decreased breath sounds
lump in throat
hoarseness
stridor
27
Q

anaphylaxis cardiovascular manifestation

A

include weak thready pulse
tachycardia
hypotension

28
Q

nurse actions for anaphylaxis

A 
epinephrine for severe allergic reaction
bronchodilators
antihistamines 
respiratory support
monitor ABGs 
albuterol 
monitor hemodynamics status (may experience extensive vasodilation, capillary leak) tachycardia weak pulse 
monitor client frequently
29
Q

client education

A

wear medical alert bracelet

keep epinephrine available all the time

30
Q

Immunosuppression

A

a decrease or absent immune response

31
Q

nurse actions for immunosuppression

A

glucocorticoids depress the immune response and increase risk of infection
monitor for indication of infection

32
Q

Increase therapeutic effects nursing actions

A

taking some meds together can increase therapeutic effect

33
Q

fun med fact

A

inhale albuterol (beta2 adrenergic agonist) 5 minutes before inhaling fluticasone (a glucocorticoid) to increase absorption of fluticasone

34
Q

Increase adverse effect nurse actions

A

taking two meds that do the same thing increase the risk or worsen adverse effects

35
Q

fun med fact

A

Diazepam and hydrocodone with acetaminophen both have CNS depressant effects.

36
Q

Decrease therapeutic effect nurse actions

A

one med increase metabolism of another med = decrease level and effectiveness of meds

37
Q

fun med fact

A

Phenytoin increase hepatic med-metabolizing enzymes that affect warfarin = decrease blood level and therapeutic effect of warfarin

38
Q

decreased adverse effects nurse action

A

one med can counteract the adverse effect of another med.

39
Q

fun med fact

A

ondansetron (an antiemetic helps with nausea and vomiting) counteracts the adverse effect of nausea and vomiting’s from chemo

40
Q

increase blood levels, leading to toxicity

A

one med can decrease the metabolism of a second med = increase serum level of the second med and lead to toxicity

41
Q

fun med fact

A

fluconazole (antifungal) inhibits hepatic med-metabolizing enzymes that affect aripiprazole (antipsychotic) = increase blood levels of aripiprazole

42
Q

medication-food interactions

A

food can alter medication absorption and can contain substances that react with some meds

43
Q

tyramine

A

consuming food with tyramine while taking monoamine oxides inhibitors (MAOIs) can lead to hypertensive crisis.
(avocados, figs, aged cheese, yeast extract, beer, smoked meats)

44
Q

vitamin K

A

decrease the therapeutic effects of WARFIN and put clients at risk for blood clots

45
Q

dairy

A

tetracycline can interact with chelating agent (milk) to form an insoluble, unobservable compound
take tetracycline 1 hr before or 2 hr after taking dairy

46
Q

Grapefruit

A

inhibits presystolic medication metabolism in the small bowel = increasing absorption of some oral medication (nifedipine) a calcium channel blocker = increase effects reaction

47
Q

caffeine

A

theophylline, a methylaniline for asthma control and caffeine can result in excessive CNS excitation

48
Q

Antacids Vitamin C

A

taking aluminum-containing antacids with citrus beverage can result in excessive absorptions of aluminum

49
Q

fun med fact

A

morphine depresses respiratory function. asthma patients or respiratory dysfunction require precaution with the use or morphine

ATI FUNDATION BOOK (11 decks)

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