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ATI FUNDATION BOOK > ^Ch. 11 Infection Control > Flashcards

^Ch. 11 Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Infection occurs when the presence of a pathogen leads to a chain of events

A

yes

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2
Q

what are they types of pathogens

A 
bacteria
viruses
fungi
prions
parasites
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3
Q

example of bacteria

A

staph. ecoli, TB

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4
Q

what is Viruses

A

organisms that use the host genetic machinery to reproduce

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5
Q

example of virus

A

HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes zoster, Herpes simplex virus

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6
Q

Example of fungi

A

molds and yeast (candida albicans)

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7
Q

Example of prions

A

Protein particles

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8
Q

Example of parasites

A

protozoa (malaria, toxoplasmosis)

helminths (worms, flatworms, roundworms, Flukes, shistosoma)

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9
Q

Virulence

A

the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host

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10
Q

herpes zoster

A

is a common viral infection that erupts years after exposure to chickenpox and invades a specific nerve tract

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11
Q

native immunity

A

restricts entry/immediately responds to a foreign organism (antigen) through the activation of phagocytic cells, complement and inflammation.

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12
Q

Passive

A

antibodies are produced by an external source

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13
Q

what is our bodies first line of defense?

A

Skin

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14
Q

antibodies that are produced by an external source

A
  • temporary immunity that does not have memory of past exposure
  • muscous membrane, secreation, enzymes, phagocytic cells, protective proteins
  • inflammatory response with phagocytic cells, complement system, interferons to localize invasion and prevent spread
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15
Q

Specific adaptive immunity

A

allows body to make antibodies in response to a foreign organism. this reaction directs against an indentifiable micro organism

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16
Q

Active

A

antibodies are produced in response to an antigen

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17
Q

active antibodies

A
  • requires time to react to antigen
  • provides permanent immunity
  • involves B and T lymphocytes
  • produces specific antibodies against specific antigens
18
Q

Infection Process (chain of infection)

A
  • Causative agent (ex: bacteria)
  • Reservoir (human, food, object)
  • Portal of exit from the host
    - -Respiratory tract
    - -GI, skin, blood, transplacental
19
Q

example of respiratory tract infection

A

Droplet airborne

-TB, pneumonia

20
Q

Gastrointestinal tract

A

shigella, salmonella hep A

21
Q

Genitourinary tract

A

Ecoli Hep A, HSV, HIV

22
Q

Skin/mucous membrane

A

HSV, Varicella

23
Q

Blood/body fluid

A

HIV, Hep B C

24
Q

Mode of transmission

A

Contact
droplet
airborne
vector borne (animal insect…)

25
Q

Susceptible host

A

compromised defense mechanisms, leaving the host more susceptible to infections

26
Q

Stages of infection

A
  • incubation
  • prodromal stage
  • illness stage
  • convalescence
27
Q

Incubation

A

interval between pathogen entering body and presentation of the first finding

28
Q

Prodromal stage

A

pathogens multiplies

29
Q

Illness stage

A

findings specific to the infection occur

30
Q

Convalescence

A

acute finding disappear, total recovery taking days to months

31
Q

Inflammation response stage one

A

local infection

  • redness (dialation of arterioles bringing blood to the area)
  • warmth of the area on palpation
  • edema
  • pain, tenderness
  • loss of use to affected part
32
Q

Second stage of inflammation

A

micro-organisms are killed. fluid contain dead tissues cells and WBCs accumulate and exudate appears at the site of infection. exudate leaves the body by draining into the lymph system

33
Q

types of exudate

A

serous (clear)
sanguineous (contains red blood cells)
purulent (contain leukocytes and bacteria)

34
Q

Third stage of inflammation

A

damaged tissue is replaced by scar tissue . the new cells take on characteristics that are similar in structure and function to the old cells

35
Q

Airborne precaution

A

-droplet smaller that 5mcg

Measles, varicella, p

36
Q

Airborne precaution

A

-droplet smaller that 5mcg

Measles, varicella, pulmonary, TB

37
Q

Airborne precaution saftey

A

private room

  • N95
  • negative airflow
  • full standard precaution
38
Q

droplet precaution

A

-droplet larger than 5 mg travel 3-6 ft
ex: pneumonia
flu , scarlet fever

39
Q

contact precautions

A

3 ft

ex: shigella, herpes scabies, MDRO

40
Q

Antipyretics medication

A

are used for a fever and discomfort as prescribed

-acetaminophen , asprin

41
Q

Antimicrobial therapy

A

kills or inhibits the growth of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoans)

ATI FUNDATION BOOK (11 decks)

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