Ch. 5 Test Flashcards
Mutagen
Environmental factor that influences DNA
Genetic disorder
A disorder caused by a defect in genes or chromosomes
How do genetic disorders occur?
By being passed down through genetics; environmental factors can affect it
Amniocentesis
A genetic test; Fluid is removed for testing
Sickle cell anemia
Recessive disorder when red blood cells are in sickle or crescent shape; blocks blood flow
Cystic fibrosis
Recessive disorder caused by a mutated gene that causes the body to make thick mucus
- Can affect lungs
Color blindness
Makes some colors look like other colors to the eye
Down syndrome
A chromosomal disorder that occurs when chromosomes are missing or added
Leukemias affect…
blood forming organs
Lymphomas affect…
The immune system
What are multifactorial diseases?
They result when several factors work together to cause the disease.
Sarcomas affect…
connective tissue
Cardiovascular disease affects…
the heart and blood vessels
Carcinomas affect…
lungs
Results from problems in the production of insulin which regulates the amount of blood sugar.
Diabetes
A mass of cells that form from an uncontrolled cell division
Tumors
Abnormal antibodies attack insulin-producing cells
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Can produce insulin, but the body can’t use it properly
Non cancerous tumors that grow slowly surrounded by membranes that prevent spreading
Benign tumors
Cancerous cells that can be carried to other tissues
Malignant tumors
Obesity
- Condition of being overweight
- 20% more body fat than the ideal person
- Genetic factors can contribute to a body’s ability to produce fat
- Contributed mainly by lifestyle choices
Relationship between cancer and cell division
A tumor can form from uncontrolled cell division, and tumors can cause cancer.
Causes of cancer
- Genetics
- Tobacco use
- Diet and activity
- Viral infection
- Sun and UV exposure
- Radiation exposure
The difference between benign and malignant tumors?
- Benign tumors: noncancerous
- Malignant tumors: cancerous cells
Cancer treatments
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Hormone therapy
Describe the value of a screening test
Checks blood analysis, blood pressure, colonoscopy, and bone density
Atherosclerosis
When “bad” forms of cholesterol clogs blood vessels
Metastasis
The spread of cancerous cells from their origin to other parts of the body.
Biopsy
Taking a small sample of cells for testing
Oncogenes
Genes that can cause cancer
Is sickle cell acquired or inherited?
Inherited
people get skin cancer from…
UV radiation
Melanoma
- Affects skin and eyes
- Very serious and can be life-threatening if it metastasizes.
Huntington’s disease is:
autosomal-dominant
If two parents are carriers for PKU, what are the chances their child will get it?
25 %
people get skin cancer from…
UV radiation
Carcinogens
Chemicals in tobacco that can cause cancer
Basal cell cancer
The most common type of skin cancer and can usually be treated by surgically removing the cancerous cells.
PKU is
autosomal-reccesive
People should avoid foods high in protein if they have:
PKU
If two parents are carriers for PKU, what are the chances their child will get it?
25 %
Mammogram
A special x-ray for soft tissue
CAT scan
- Computerized Axial Tomography scan
- It’s a specialized x-ray technique.
MRI
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Uses magnets, radio waves, and a computer to create images of internal tissues and organs
Is lung/mouth cancer generally acquired or recessive?
Acquired
PET scan
- Positron emission tomography scan
- Produces a three-dimensional color image of a body part
Genetic counseling
Couples who are concerned about having a baby with a genetic disorder might work with one
Name an environmental contaminant and its sources and health effects
Air pollutant - burning gasoline and other fossil fuels; industrial wastes
- Can cause asthma, cancer, other respiratory diseases
Chorionic Villus Sampling
a small piece of the placenta is removed for testing
what are the 2 types of genetic testing
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling
