Ch. 5 Study Guide Flashcards
When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?
roads
The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods
What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels
The innermost layer of an artery is known as
endothelium
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels.True or false.
true
Which blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?
capillaries
Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous
What is the role of the lymphatic system with respect to the cardiovascular system?
collecting excess tissue fluids and returning them to the cardiovascular system
Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system?
lymphatic
When dissecting a specimen, the students noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?
Arteries are under greater pressure.
The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _____
lymph
My grandmother takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?
It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
Which arterial property enables it to resist the blood pressure?
elastic tissue in the arterial wall
The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.
False
What is true about capillaries.
It is the site of nutrients, gas exchange, and waste exchange.
What is the function of valves in the veins?
prevent the backward flow of blood
What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?
pericardium
At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body?
veins
Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood.
Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the _____
right
Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left.
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
atria
What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?
gap junctions and desmosomes
What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the atrioventricular valves?
chordae tendineae
The chordae tendineae are strong fibrous strings.
During open-heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____
pericardium
pericardium is a thick membranous sac
Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?
right ventricle
If the left semilunar valve were blocked, where would blood accumulate?
left ventricle
The left ventricle sends blood through the semilunar valve to the aorta. If the valve was blocked, the blood would back up in the left ventricle.
A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach?
right atrium
The veins from the body empty into the right atrium.
Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?
medulla oblongata
The “lub” sound of the “lub-dub” heartbeat is due to what?
the closing of the AV valves
The patient received a dose of epinephrine. What did this do to their heart rate?
increases it
What does an ECG record?
eletrical changes
The boys heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which portion of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid?
sympathetic
If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating?
70 beats per minute
Which of the following could be used to take a pulse?
radial artery
Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has _____
stage 2 hypertension
What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?
sphygmomanometer
What is occuring in the heart when diastolic pressure is being measured?
The heart ventricles are relaxing.
What is the correct range of systolic and diastolic pressure for normal blood pressure?
120/80
Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?
systolic pressure; ejection of blood from the heart
Where in the body is blood pressure the highest?
aorta
Blood pressure _____ with distance from the left ventricle, while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels _____.
decreases; increases
Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit?
aorta
Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen?
femoral artery
The femoral artery carries oxygenated blood.
Blood will travel through the hepatic portal vein and ________ before it reaches the inferior vena cava.
hepatic vein
In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen- ____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood.
rich; poor
In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. In the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
Which of the following is not one of the functions of the cardiovascular system?
conduct neural impulses throughout the body
The nerous system tarnsport neural impulses throughout the body.
All veins carry oxygen-poor blood.
false
The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood.
If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, what is true?
Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure.
At the arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmo
Identify the difference between the components of tissue fluid and plasma.
Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of proteins than plasma.
Tissue fluid contains all of the components of plasma but has much lower
What is the ballooning of a blood vessel called?
aneurysm
An aneurysm is another name for the ballooning or bulging of a blood ves
The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease?
atherosclerosis
The AHA recommends such a diet to prevent the onset and development of a
Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?
Raise the LDL intake.
Raising the low density lipoprotein level (LDL) is not recommended for t
Which health condition can be used to identify a person who has hypertension?
- having a stroke
- experiencing a heart attack
- kidney failure
A high white blood cell count is an indication that a person has some ty
What drug may protect against having a first heart attack?
aspirin
There is evidence that aspirin protects against first heart attacks.
What is a stent?
a cylinder of expandable metal mesh
A stent is a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside
Which of the following is a symptom of a heart attack?
shortness of breath
