Ch 5 Rocks and Minerals Flashcards
cleavage
tendency of a mineral to split easily along flat surfaces
hardness
a measure of how easily that mineral can be scratched
igneous rock
rock that forms when melted, or molten, rock from deep below Earth’s surface cools and hardens
luster
the way a mineral shines, or reflects light
metallic mineral
shiny like a metal
metamorphic rock
formed when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemicals
mineral
a nonliving solid material that has a definite chemical makeup
nonmetallic mineral
dull or glassy
rock
solid material made up of one ore more minerals
rock cycle
the continuous series of changes that rocks undergo; any rock can change into any other type of rock;
metamorphic rock become molten when melted
melted rock cools & hardens and forms igneous rock
igneous rock becomes metamorphic when subjected to heat and pressure
igneous rock becomes metamorphic
sediment
sand particles of rocks, bits of soil, and remains of once-living things.
sedimentary rock
rock that forms when sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and remains of once-living things are pressed together and harden
streak
color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder
3 types of igneous rock
obsidian - formed when molten rocks cools quickly
basalt - makes up much of Earth’s crust beneath the oceans
granite - molten rock that hardens in the crust
What are 3 basic kinds of rocks that make up the Earth’s crust?
- sedimentary
a. conglomerate
b. limestone
c. shale - igneous
a. obsidian
b. basalt
c. granite - metamorphic
a. marble
b. gneiss
Earth’s layers
- inner core
- outer core
- mantle - between crust and outer core
- crust
3 types of sedimentary rock
- conglomerate - formed from sediments of different sizes
- limestone - forms when the remains of ocean animals become cemented together
- shale - formed from thin layers of clay
What property do you use to determine if a mineral is nonmetallic or metallic?
luster
Which of the following is a type of glassy igneous rock with sharp edges that forms which lava cools quickly above Earth’s surface?
obsidian
The process by which dissolved minerals fill in cracks between sediments is called
cementing
The way a mineral shines is called its
luster
The color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder is its
streak
What is not a property that can be used to identify a mineral?
talc
