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Radiation Protection > Ch 5 Radiation Monitoring > Flashcards

Ch 5 Radiation Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

-Provides an indication of the radiation exposure working habits and working conditions of diagnostic imaging personnel.
-determines occupational exposure by detecting and measuring the quantity of ionizing radiation To which the dosimeter has been exposed over a period of time
-does not protect the wearer from exposure because the instrument is only capable of detecting and measuring amount of ionizing radiation to which it’s been exposed.

A

Purpose of personal dosimeter

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2
Q

When an apron is not being used, a dosimeter should go where?

A

Attached to clothing on front of the body at collar level.

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3
Q

A dosimeter is worn a collar measure to approximate maximal radiation dose to?

A

Thyroid
Head
Neck

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4
Q

What modality type areas produce the highest occupational radiation exposure for diagnostic imaging personnel?

A

Fluoroscopy
Surgery
Special radiographic procedures

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5
Q

Where should a dosimeter be worn when wearing a protective lead apron?

A

Outside of the apron at collar level on the anterior surface of the body.

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6
Q

Unprotected head, neck, and lenses of the eyes receive _______ times more exposure than the protected body trunk.

A

10 to 20

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7
Q

For lengthy interventional fluoroscopy procedures, you may be required to wear two dosimeters, where should they be?

A

At collar level outside of apron and one beneath a wraparound style lead apron at waist level to monitor equivalent dose to the lower body trunk.

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8
Q

Pregnant imaging personnel wear a second dosimeter where? To measure what?

A

Beneath protective apron at waist level and to provide an estimate of the equivalent dose to the embryo-fetus

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9
Q

____________ should be worn by an imaging professional as a second monitor when performing fluoroscopic procedures that require the hands to be near the primary X-ray beam.

A

Extremity dosimeter (thermoluminescent ring dosimeter TLD)

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10
Q

Is a light free device that contains a crystalline form of lithium fluoride (LiF), which functions as the sensing material of the dosimeter

A

TLD ring (thermoluminescent ring dosimeter)

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11
Q

When the LiF crystals are passed through a special heating process for dosimeter reading purposes, the trapped electrons receive enough energy to rise above their present location into a region called the?

A

Conduction band

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12
Q

After the LiF crystals are heated to free the trapped, highly energized electrons, what instrument records the amount of light emitted by the crystals as the electrons return to their ground state?

A

TLD analyzer

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13
Q

Two types of personnel dosimeters that are predominantly used to measure individual exposure of the whole body to ionizing radiation?

A

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter
Direct ion storage dosimeter (DIS)

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14
Q

Is the most common type of device used for monitoring of occupational exposure in diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy?

A

OSL (optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter)

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15
Q

This dosimeter contains aluminum oxide thin layer detector and can be worn continuously for up to one year?

A

OSL dosimeter

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16
Q

This type of dosimeter has to be shipped to a monitoring company for analysis and dose determination, (which means exposure occurrence can’t be determined on day of occurrence)

A

OSL dosimeter

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17
Q

Three different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of an OSL dosimeter and the are made up of?

A

Aluminum
Tin
Copper

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18
Q

The aluminum filter offers the _______ absorption whereas coppers filter attenuates the _______ in OSL dosimeter.

A

Least
Most

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19
Q

These physically correlate with different penetration depths and therefore different effective radiation energies with “deep” being the most penetrating at a _________ or more, “eye” at ________ and shallow at the _______ or below______

A

Centimeter
.3 cm
Surface or below 0.01 cm

20
Q

Serve as a basis for comparison with the remaining OSL dosimeters after they have been returned to the company for processing.

A

Control monitors

21
Q

Must be kept in a radiation free area within an imaging facility, therefore response should be minimal or zero

A

Control monitors

22
Q

Signifies that an equivalent alert dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time?

A

M appears under the current monitoring period

23
Q

Minimal reporting levels according to dosimeter type and radiation quality:
________ = 10uSv (1 mrem)
________ = 100 uSv (10 mrem)
________ = 200 uSv (20 mrem) fast, 100 uSv (10 mrem) thermal
_______ = 10 uSv (1 mrem)
_______ = 300 uSv (30 mrem)

A

X-ray, gamma
Beta
Neutron
Fetal
Rings

24
Q

When _________ the radiation worker must convey the data pertinent to accumulated permanent equivalent dose to the new employer so that this information can be placed on file.

A

Changing employment

25
Q

In health care facilities that have a well structured radiation safety program, personnel monitoring reports are received and reviewed and if necessary because some readings have exceeded a certain threshold value set by the facility, investigated by the_________

A

Radiation safety officer (RSO)

26
Q

Is a recent development using electronic components developed in the 1990’s and first applied to miniaturized personnel dosimetry systems in the early 2000’s.

A

Personnel direct ion storage dosimeter (DIS)

27
Q

Is a small ionization gas filled dosimeter connected to a solid state device with electrically erasable programmable read-only memory.

A

Personnel direct ion storage dosimeter (DIS)

28
Q

Are used in microcomputers and various consumer products to store small amounts of data while allowing some memory to be erased and reprogrammed to store more data?

A

EEPROMs

29
Q

Are used in voice activated greeting cards, keyless entry systems, and various other “smart card” applications.

A

EEPROMs

30
Q

Is read out through a physical connecting device such as a Universal Serial Bus (usb) or via wireless connection and the data can then be stored electronically at the facility

A

DIS personnel direct ion storage dosimeter

31
Q

Advantage of DIS dosimeter include _______ access to data and no need for the institution to collect individual dosimeters.

A

Instant

32
Q

Radiation survey instruments fall into 3 categories:

A

Those without a readout scale
Those with a readout scale
Those that have a readout scale and are ionization chamber based

33
Q

The most common type of survey meter that incorporates an ionization chamber as its radiation detector is the_____.

A

Cutie pie

34
Q

The______ instrument, when properly calibrated, is capable of measuring radiation exposure rates over a very wide range and also determining cumulative radiation exposure for the period of time the instrument is irradiated.

A

Cutie pie

35
Q

Gas-filled radiation detectors serving as field instruments include:

A

-Ionization chamber-type survey meter (cutie pie)
-Proportional counter
-GM survey meter

36
Q

The________ and ________ measure both exposure and exposure rate

A

Cutie pie and proportional counter

37
Q

GM meter typically provides only______?

A

Exposure rate

38
Q

Is both a rate meter device (for exposure rate) used for area surveys and an accurate integrating or cumulative exposure instrument.

A

Ionization chamber-type survey meter (cutie pie)

39
Q

Measures x-radiation, and gamma radiation, and if equipped with a suitable window, can also record beta radiation.

A

Cutie pie

40
Q

This device is useful for measuring fluoroscopic and computed tomography scattered radiation exposure rates, when exposure times exceed 1 second in duration.

A

Cutie pie ( ionization chamber type survey meter)

41
Q

Typically the instrument of choice when determining exposure rates from patients containing therapeutic doses of radioisotope storage facilities.

A

Cutie pie

42
Q

Used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low level radioactive contamination.

A

Proportional Counter

43
Q

Serves as the primary portable radiation survey instrument for area monitoring in nuclear medicine facilities.

A

The Geiger Muller (GM) survey meter.

44
Q

Can be used to locate a lost radioactive source of low level radioactive contamination.

A

Geiger Muller (GM) survey meter

45
Q

Has an audible sound system that alerts the operator to the presence of ionizing radiation.

A

Geiger Muller (GM) survey meter.

46
Q

Can be used to measure radiation output from both radiographic and fluoroscopic X-ray equipment.

A

Ionization chambers

47
Q

An____________ device is specifically designed for such measurement conditions consists of an ion chamber connected to an electrometer, a very fast responding electrical instrument that can measure a tiny electrical currents with high precision and accuracy.

A

Ionization chamber

Radiation Protection (11 decks)

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