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An Introduction To Language 10th ed > Ch. 5 Phonetics > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

When you know a language you know the

A

sounds of that language and how to combine those sounds into words

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2
Q

The study of speech sounds is called

A

phonetics

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3
Q

To describe speech sounds it is necessary to know

A

what an individual sound is, and how each sound differs from all others

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4
Q

True or false

It is possible to segment the sound of someone clearing her throat into a sequence of discrete units

A

False, because that is not speech

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5
Q
  1. An individual sound that occurs in a language

2. the act of dividing utterances into sounds, morphemes, words, and phrases

A

Segment

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6
Q

An apron is an example of

A

How words have changed over time based on word boundary misperceptions

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7
Q

The following sentences and phrases are what?

Grade A - Gray day
I scream - Ice cream
The sun’s rays meet - the sons raise meat

A

Distinct when written but ambiguous when spoken

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8
Q

True or False

You can only segment a language if you can read and write

A

False, if you know a language you can segment it

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9
Q

The science of phonetics attempts to describe all of the sounds used in

A

all of the languages of the world

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10
Q

Phonetics focused on the physical properties of sounds

A

Acoustic phonetics

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11
Q

Phonetics focused on how listeners perceive these sounds

A

Auditory phonetics

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12
Q

Phonetics concerned with the study of how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language

A

Articulatory phonetics

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13
Q

A general term for “spelling” in any language

A

Orthography

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14
Q

George Bernard Shaw complained that spelling was so inconsistent that fish could be spelled

A

ghoti

gh as in tough + o as in women + ti as in nation

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15
Q

The phonetic alphabet was invented

A

So that we could have a one sound to one symbol correspondence to study all the sounds of all human languages scientifically

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16
Q

An alphabet to symbolize all of the sounds of all languages, utilizing both ordinary letters and invented symbols

A

Phonetic alphabet

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17
Q

IPA stands for

A

International phonetic alphabet

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18
Q

The symbol [p] represents what sound?

A

/p/ as in pill

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19
Q

The symbol [b] represents what sound?

A

/b/ as in bill

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20
Q

The symbol [m] represents what sound?

A

/m/ as in mill

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21
Q

[f] represents what sound?

A

/f/ as in feel

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22
Q

[v] represents what sound?

A

/v/ as in veal

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23
Q

[θ] represents what sound?

A

/th/ from thigh

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24
Q

[ð] represents what sound?

A

/th/ from thy

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25
Q

[ʃ] represents what sound?

A

/sh/ from shill

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26
Q

[ʒ] represents what sound?

A

/s/ in measure

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27
Q

[t] represents what sound?

A

/t/ in till

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28
Q

[d] represents what sound?

A

/d/ in dill

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29
Q

[n] represents what sound?

A

/n/ in nil

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30
Q

[s] represents what sound?

A

/s/ in seal

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31
Q

[z] represents what sound?

A

/z/ in zeal

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32
Q

[tʃ] represents what sound?

A

/ch/ in chill

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33
Q

[dʒ] represents what sound?

A

/g/ in gin

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34
Q

[ʍ] represents what sound?

A

/wh/ said together (only some dialects)

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35
Q

[k] represents what sound?

A

/k/ as in kill

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36
Q

[g] represents what sound?

A

/g/ as in gill

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37
Q

[ŋ] represents what sound?

A

/ng/ as in sing

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38
Q

[h] represents what sound?

A

/h/ as in heal

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39
Q

[l] represents what sound?

A

/l/ as in leaf

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40
Q

[r] represents what sound?

A

/r/ as in reef

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41
Q

[j] represents what sound?

A

/y/ as in you

42
Q

[w] represents what sound?

A

/w/ as in witch

43
Q

[i] represents what sound?

A

/ee/ in beet

44
Q

[e] represents what sound?

A

/ai/ in bait

45
Q

[u] represents what sound?

A

/oo/ in boot

46
Q

[o] represents what sound?

A

/o/ in boat

47
Q

[æ] represents what sound?

A

/a/ in bat

48
Q

[ʌ] represents what sound?

A

/u/ as in butt

49
Q

[ai] represents what sound?

A

/i/ as in bite

50
Q

[ɔi] represents what sound?

A

/oy/ as in boy

51
Q

[I] represents what sound?

A

/I/ as in bit

52
Q

[ɛ] represents what sound?

A

/e/ as in bet

53
Q

[ʊ] represents what sound?

A

/oo/ as in foot

54
Q

[ɔ] represents what sound?

A

/o/ as in bore

55
Q

[a] represents what sound?

A

/o/ as in pot or /a/ as in bar

56
Q

[ə] represents what sound?

A

/a/ as in above or /a/ as in sofa

57
Q

[aʊ] represents what sound?

A

/ou/ as in bout

58
Q

Symbol called schwa used to represent vowels in syllables that are not emphasized in speaking and who’s duration is very short

A

[ə]

59
Q

The symbol used to denote an English r is

A

an upside down r

60
Q

[ðo] is what word?

A

though

61
Q

[θɔt] is what word?

A

thought

62
Q

[rʌf] is what word?

A

rough

63
Q

[baʊ] is what word?

A

bough

64
Q

[θru] is what word?

A

through

65
Q

[wʊd] is what word?

A

would

66
Q

Most speech sounds are produced by pushing lung air through the

A

vocal cords

67
Q

The opening between the vocal cords is the

A

glottis

68
Q

The glottis is located in the

A

voice box or larynx

69
Q

The tubular part of the throat above the larynx is the

A

pharynx

70
Q

What people call the “mouth” linguists call the

A

oral cavity

71
Q

The part of the face that includes the nose and the plumbing that connects it to the throat

A

nasal cavity

72
Q

The tongue and lips are both capable of

A

rapid movement and shape changing

73
Q

All of these body parts together make up the

A

vocal tract

74
Q

The sounds of all languages fall into two classes

A

consonants and vowels

75
Q

Sounds produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow of air from the lungs

A

Consonants

76
Q

In phonetics consonant and vowel refer to

A

types of sounds not letters

77
Q

Where in the vocal tract the airflow restriction occurs called the

A

place of articulation

78
Q

We classify consonants according to

A

the place of articulation

79
Q

What are the 8 places of articulation?

A
  1. Bilabial
  2. Labiodental
  3. Interdental
  4. Alveolar
  5. (alveo)palatal
  6. Velar
  7. Uvular
  8. Glottal
80
Q

[p] [b] [m] are articulated where?

A

Bilabial (lips)

81
Q

[f] [v] are articulated where?

A

Labiodental (by touching our bottom lip to our upper teeth)

82
Q

[θ] and [ð] are articulated where?

A

Interdentals (pronounced by touching the tip of the tongue between the teeth, technically dental)

83
Q

[t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r] are articulated where?

A

Alveolars (the alveolar ridge)

84
Q

[t] [d] [n] the tongue tip is

A

raised and touches the ridge, or slightly in front of it

85
Q

[s] and [z] the sides of the front of the tongue are

A

raised but the tip is lowered so that air escapes over it

86
Q

[l] the tongue tip is

A

raised while the rest of the tongue remains down, permitting air to escape over it’s sides

87
Q

[l] is called a ______ sound

A

lateral

88
Q

[ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [j] are articulated where?

A

palatals

89
Q

[k] [g] [ŋ] are articulated where?

A

Velars (soft palate or velum)

90
Q

[R] [q] [G] are articulated where?

A

Uvulars (by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula)

91
Q

[h] and [?] are articulated where?

A

Glottals

92
Q

[?] is called a

A

glottal stop

93
Q

The way we describe speech sounds being affected by how the airstream flows, whether the vocal cords vibrate or not

A

Manner of articulation

94
Q

When the vocal cords are apart so that air flows freely through the glottis

A

Voiceless

95
Q

If the vocal cords are together the airstream forces its way through and causes them to vibrate

A

Voiced

96
Q

True or false

When you whisper all speech sounds are voiceless

A

True

97
Q

The [p] in pit is

A

aspirated

98
Q

When a brief puff of air escapes before the glottis closes

A

aspirated

99
Q

The [p] in spit is

A

unaspirated

100
Q

How can you test if a sound is aspirated or unaspirated?

A

Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel for that puff of air

An Introduction To Language 10th ed (6 decks)

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