Ch. 5 Pediatrics Flashcards
In infants <3 months old, what temperature indicates a fever?
100.4°F (38°C)
In children >3 months, what temperature indicates a fever?
102.2°F (39°C)
What empiric antibiotics should be used in febrile pediatric patients <28 days old?
Ampicillin and Cefotaxime
OR
Ampicillin and Gentamicin
(add IV acyclovir if suspicion for HSV)
What organism is most common pathogen implicated in serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in <28 days?
Group B Strep
What organism is most common pathogen implicated in serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in 29 days - 3 months old?
S pneumo
then E coli
What organism is most common pathogen implicated in serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in 3 months to 3 years old?
usually VIRAL
What is the most common serious bacterial infection seen in 3 month to 3 year olds?
UTI
How is Colic defined? (Rule of 3s)
Crying at least 3 hours a day, 3 days per week, for 3 weeks (aka Wessel criteria)
Why is dicyclomine (Bentyl) contraindicated in infants <6 months?
Increased risk of seizure, apnea, and coma
When should phototherapy be considered for jaundice in <24hour old?
If total serum bilirubin is >5x birth weight in kg (usually 15-25 mg/dL)
When should exchange transfusion be considered for jaundice in <24hour old?
If total serum bilirubin is >10x birth weight in kg (usually 25-30 mg/dL)
What is the most common cause of diarrhea in children <5 years old?
Norovirus
How soon after birth should newborns pass meconium?
24-48 hours
What is the most common cause of esophageal obstruction in neonates?
tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
What is included in the VATER complex?
Verterbal abnormalities
Anus (imperforate)
TE fistula
Renal defects
What is the etiology of Malrotation with Volvulus?
When malrotation occurs, the small bowel is not anchored in the
LUQ or RLQ as it should be in the first 3 months of gestation. Bands of tissue (Ladd bands) form between the cecum and
duodenum, potentially causing duodenal obstruction.
The malrotation of
the midgut also predisposes the bowel to twisting on itself, leading to bowel
obstruction and vascular compromise.
When do symptoms of Malrotation with Volvulus typically occur?
33% present with symptoms within the first week of life, 50% present within the first month, and 85% present within the first year
Bilious emesis in a neonate is malrotation
until proven otherwise
How is malrotation with volvulus diagnosed?
Upper GI series
(abdominal XRs are insufficient)
