Ch 5: Nervous, Muscular And Skeletal

Question 1

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system

Question 2

Afferent pathway

Answer 2

Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system

Question 3

Efferent pathway

Answer 3

A motor pathway that relays information from the Cns to the rest of the body

Question 4

Interneurons

Answer 4

Neurons located within the spinal cord and brain that transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons

Question 5

Proprioception

Answer 5

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and the relative position of all its parts

Question 6

Mechanoreseptors

Answer 6

Specialized cells that respond to mechanical pressure within tissue then send signals through sensory nerves

Question 7

Muscle spindles

Answer 7

Sensory receptors within muscle that run parallel to the muscle fiber in order to detect muscle changes

Question 8

Neuro plasticity

Answer 8

The brain will continue to grow and learn as we perform activities creating new pathways

Question 9

Osteoclasts

Answer 9

Skeletal cells that break down and remove old bone tissue

Question 10

Osteoblasts

Answer 10

Skeletal cells that lay down new bone tissues

Question 11

Osteokinematics

Answer 11

Description of bone movement

Question 12

Arthrokinematics

Answer 12

Joint movement

Question 13

Synovial joint

Answer 13

A joint with a fluid filled capsule (most common in body)

Question 14

Three types of muscles:

Answer 14

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 15

Fascia

Answer 15

Connective tissue that surrounds muscles and bones

Question 16

Epimysium

Answer 16

Inner layer of fascia that directly surrounds an entire muscle (deep fascia)

Question 17

Fascicles

Answer 17

Largest bundles of muscle fibers

Question 18

Perimysium

Answer 18

Connective muscle tissue that surrounds fascicle

Question 19

Endomysium

Answer 19

Connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers within a fascicle

Question 20

Glycogen

Answer 20

Glucose that is stored in bodily tissues such as the liver and muscle cells- the storage form of carbohydrates

Question 21

Myoglobin

Answer 21

Protein based molecule that carries oxygen molecules into muscles

Question 22

Myofibrils

Answer 22

The contractile components of a muscle cell; myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within myofibrils

Question 23

Sacromere

Answer 23

Repeating sections of muscle tissue between z-lines

Question 24

Actin

Answer 24

Stringlike myofilament that acts along the myosin to produce contraction

Question 25

Myosin

Answer 25

Thick myofilament that acts along with actin to produce muscular contraction

Question 26

Myofilaments

Answer 26

The filaments of a myofibril which include actin and myosin

Question 27

Muscle anatomy flow chart page 143

Answer 27

143

Question 28

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 28

High energy molecule that serves as the main energy form for the body

Question 29

Motor Units (muscle fiber): Type 1 aka slow twitch

Answer 29

Small motor units that resist fatigue better. Generally slower movements

Question 30

Motor Units (muscle fiber): Type 2 aka fast twitch

Answer 30

Faster and larger units that fatigue faster. More force, quicker. (running and jumping)

Question 31

All or nothing principle

Answer 31

Motor units cant vary the amount of force they generate, they either contract maximally or not at all

Question 32

Excitation-contracting coupling (pg 145)

Answer 32

The chemical process that allows muscles to contract

Question 33

Nervous system

Answer 33

N