Ch 5: Nervous, Muscular And Skeletal Flashcards
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system
Afferent pathway
Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system
Efferent pathway
A motor pathway that relays information from the Cns to the rest of the body
Interneurons
Neurons located within the spinal cord and brain that transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons
Proprioception
The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and the relative position of all its parts
Mechanoreseptors
Specialized cells that respond to mechanical pressure within tissue then send signals through sensory nerves
Muscle spindles
Sensory receptors within muscle that run parallel to the muscle fiber in order to detect muscle changes
Neuro plasticity
The brain will continue to grow and learn as we perform activities creating new pathways
Osteoclasts
Skeletal cells that break down and remove old bone tissue
Osteoblasts
Skeletal cells that lay down new bone tissues
Osteokinematics
Description of bone movement
Arthrokinematics
Joint movement
Synovial joint
A joint with a fluid filled capsule (most common in body)
Three types of muscles:
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Fascia
Connective tissue that surrounds muscles and bones
Epimysium
Inner layer of fascia that directly surrounds an entire muscle (deep fascia)
Fascicles
Largest bundles of muscle fibers
Perimysium
Connective muscle tissue that surrounds fascicle
Endomysium
Connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers within a fascicle
Glycogen
Glucose that is stored in bodily tissues such as the liver and muscle cells- the storage form of carbohydrates
Myoglobin
Protein based molecule that carries oxygen molecules into muscles
Myofibrils
The contractile components of a muscle cell; myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within myofibrils
Sacromere
Repeating sections of muscle tissue between z-lines
Actin
Stringlike myofilament that acts along the myosin to produce contraction
