CH 5: Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the Lower Leg, and what are their muscle functions?

A

1) Lateral Compartment:
- Eversion of ankle

2) Anterior Compartment:
- Dorsiflexion of ankle
- Inversion of ankle
- Extension of toes

3) Superficial Pos. Compartment
- Plantarflexion of ankle

4) Deep Pos. Compartment
- Plantarflexion of ankle
- Flexion of toes
- Inversion of the ankle

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2
Q

Achilles Strain V rupture: Etiology & S/S

A

Strains (1st+2nd deg):
Common in sports, excessive dorsiflexion and can occur at any age

Rupture (3rd degree):
Severe muscular issue and loss of function. Usually a history of chronic inflammation

Both occur with sudden stop and go motions.

Common S/S:
- Point tenderness @ injury site
- Severe cases, a pop can be heard
- Positive Thompson test
- Severe cases will have a physical defect

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3
Q

Characteristisc of Achilles Tendonitis, Tendonosis, and Tenosynovitis

A

Tendonitis: Inflammatory condition involving the tendon.
Tenosynovitis: Inflammation involving tendon and its associated sheath
Tendonosis: Inflammatory stage has not worked and will not show signs of inflammation and progressess to tissue degeneration.

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4
Q

Predisposing factors for Tendonitis in the lower leg

(5)

A
  • Training errors ( surface changes, lack of strength/flexibility, fatigue etc)
  • Direct trauma
  • Infection from penetrating wound
  • Abnormal foot mechanics producing excessive friction
  • Poorly fitted footwear
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5
Q

What lower leg bone has the highest liklihood of fracture?

A

The fibula, specifically the middle third. Usually a result of extreme inversion or eversion of the ankle.

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6
Q

What is Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?

A

Considered to be inflammation of the periostium along the distal third of the tibia, when stress fractures and compartment syndrome are not present.

Also known as “shin splints” which is a blanket term used to describe all pain which could include stress fractures and compartment syndrome.

Caused by repetitive microtrauma and a lot of the same causes of tendonitis.

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