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Honors Sociology > Ch 5. Life In Groups > Flashcards

Ch 5. Life In Groups Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Group

A

Collection of people who share attributes, identify with each other, and have ongoing social relations

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2
Q

Crowd

A

Temporary gathering in a public place where members interact, yet don’t identify with each other or remain in contact

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3
Q

Aggregates

A

Collections of crowds, audiences, or ques who share a physical location but have no lasting social relations

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4
Q

Category

A

People who share attributes but lack a sense of belonging or identity because they don’t interact regularly

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5
Q

Primary groups

A

Families or close friends who are in intimately associated with each other

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6
Q

How do members in primary groups interact?

A

Face to face interaction with greater cooperation and a deeper feeling of belonging

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7
Q

What do primary groups provide its members with?

A

Emotional satisfaction, socialization, and a central identity

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8
Q

Why did Charles Cooley use the term “primary”?

A

Believed this group has the most profound effect on individuals and represents the most important “looking glass”

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9
Q

Secondary groups

A

Larger, less intimate groups like co-workers, college classes, or political parties

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10
Q

How do people in second groups interact?

A

Interaction more formal, impersonal, and organized around a specific activity or task; membership usually temporary

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11
Q

What is a consequence of secondary groups having large numbers of people?

A

There can be large geographical diffusion and have anonymous members

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12
Q

Consequential strangers

A

Familiar acquaintances that serves as anchors in everyday lives; checkout clerk or local barista

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13
Q

Social Networks

A

Web of direct or indirect ties that connect individuals to each others

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14
Q

Social ties

A

Connections between individuals in a network that can be direct or indirect (friend’s friend)

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15
Q

Indirect ties

A

Lines connection to second group must pass through people in first network; business transactions between nations

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16
Q

How can direct/indirect ties influence likelihood of getting a job?

A

People tend to form homogenous social networks; family of actors have network of acting contacts

It’s WHO YOU KNOW NOT WHAT YOU KNOW

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17
Q

According to Durkheim, what do all social groups have?

A

Norms that place certain limits on individual actions that prevent the search for unattainable desires; want 500 cookies

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18
Q

Anomie

A

Durkheim described as a state of “normlessness”caused by membership and fragmented modern society

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19
Q

How did Robert Puttman feel towards the evolving American society?

A

People no longer practice civic engagement or regular activities that keeps anomie at bay; league of women’s voters or Sunday picnics

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20
Q

Virtual communities

A

Social groups whose interactions are mediated through technology

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21
Q

How did Durkheim feel about technological and cultural changes?

A

People would become disconnected with each other, increasing the likelihood of suicide and creating a lack of cohesion and solidarity necessary for society

22
Q

What did the Pew’s Research Center study about?

A

Reduced tech induced anxieties by claiming that technology increases social relations

23
Q

In groups

A

A group one identifies with and feels loyalty towards

24
Q

Out groups

A

A group toward which an individual feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility

25
Q

What can result from in/out groups?

A

“Us vs them” mentality that exaggerates on the differences (“all Irishmen are drunks”)

26
Q

Reference group

A

A group that provides standards by which a person evaluates his own personal attributes (wondering whether your grade is higher or lower than the rest of class)

27
Q

Group Cohesion

A

The sense of solidarity or team spirit that members feel toward their group; binding

28
Q

When are groups more cohesive?

A

When individuals feel strongly tied to membership (frats over classmates)

29
Q

What does the life a group depend on?

A

Minimum level of cohesion… less commitment means group will disintegrate

30
Q

How can cohesion be enhanced?

A

Interpersonal factors such as shared values and demographic traits like race, gender, or class (junior high girls)

31
Q

Groupthink

A

Very cohesive groups that demand conformity and punish those who threaten or undermine it

32
Q

How is groupthink good and bad?

A

It can help maintain solidarity but also create a desire for unanimity over critical reasoning (hazing)

33
Q

Social Influence

A

Peer pressure

34
Q

Why is understanding social influence important?

A

To convince others to act in a certain way or know when others are trying to influence you

35
Q

How was social influence used during World War II?

A

Social scientists tried to help in war effort by using motivational films to boost morale among servicemen

36
Q

Why do people conform anyways?

A

Acceptance and approval (positive sanctions)

Avoid rejection and disapproval (negative sanctions)

37
Q

Prescriptions

A

Doing the things we are supposed to do

38
Q

Proscriptions

A

Avoiding the things we aren’t supposed to do

39
Q

What does social influence produce?

A

3 kinds of conformity: Compliance, identification, internalization

40
Q

Compliance

A

Mildest form of conformity and means going along with something because you expect to gain rewards or avoid punishment; doesn’t change thoughts/beliefs

41
Q

Identification

A

Stronger form of conformity that is induced by a person’s desire to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group

42
Q

Internalization

A

Strongest and most long lasting form of conformity when individuals adopt the beliefs of a leader or group as their own; no separation between beliefs and behavior

43
Q

Asch Experiment

A

Experiment on visual perception; participants asked to match length of 4th line to the other 3 and most subjects gave into the majority and answered incorrectly

44
Q

What is one thing almost all leaders have in common?

A

Power, the ability to control the actions of others

45
Q

Coercive power

A

Power that is backed by the threat of force

46
Q

Influential power

A

Power that is supported by persuasion

47
Q

Authority

A

The legitimate right to wield power in an officially recognized form (formal organizations)

48
Q

Traditional Authority

A

Based in custom, birthright, or divine right, and is usually associated with archies and dynasties; personal qualities don’t matter (kings and queens inherit throne)

49
Q

Legal Rational Authority

A

Based in laws and rules, not in the lineage of any individual leader (modern presidencies and parliaments)

50
Q

Charismatic Authority

A

Based in the remarkable qualities of the leader; can be revolutionary, breaking rules and defying traditions (Jesus and Hitler)

51
Q

Instrumental Leadership

A

Leadership that is task or goal oriented; concerned more with getting job done than people’s feelings

52
Q

Expressive Leadership

A

Leadership that is concerned with maintaining harmony within the group; interest in people’s emotions and achievements

Honors Sociology (6 decks)

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