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medical language > Ch. 5 Cardiology > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Cardiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiopulmonary

A

Pertaining to the heart and lungs

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2
Q

Cardiothoracic

A

Pertaining to the heart and thoracic cavity

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3
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Circular route that the blood takes as it moves through the body; the circulatory system consists of the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

Here regularly shaped, central area in the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs; it contains the heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea, and esophagus

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs, but not in the rest of the body

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6
Q

Systemic circulation

A

The arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins everywhere in the body, except in the Longs

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7
Q

Aortic valve

A

Heart valve between the left ventricle a later

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8
Q

Atrium

A

each of the two upper chambers of the heart

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9
Q

chordae tendineae

A

Rope like strands that support the tricuspid and mitral valves and keep their leaflets tightly closed when the ventricles contracting

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10
Q

Ductus anteriosus

A

Temporary, small blood vessel in the fetal heart that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

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11
Q

endocardium

A

layer of cells that lines the atria, ventricles, and valves of my heart

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12
Q

foramen ovale

A

Temporary, oval-shaped opening in the intratrial septum on the fetal heart

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13
Q

Heart

A

Organ that pumps blood throughout the body it contains four chambers, the septum, and four valves.

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14
Q

Mitral valve

A

Heart valve between the left atrium in the left ventricle; it is also known as the bicuspid valve; it has two pointed leaflets, or cusps

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular layer of the heart

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16
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane that surrounds the heart as the pericardial sac and is filled with pericardial fluid

17
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary arteries

18
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Heart valve between the right and right ventricle; it has three pointed leaflets or cusps

19
Q

Valve

A

structure that opens to control the flow of blood

20
Q

ventricle

A

each of the two large, lower chambers of the heart

21
Q

antrioventricular (AV) node

A

small area of tissue between the right atrium and right ventricle; receives electrical impulses from the SA node

22
Q

bundle branches

A

Part of the conduction system of the heart after the bundle of His. Each branch divides into Purkinje fibers that spread across the ventricles

23
Q

bundle of His

A

part of the conduction system of the heart after the AV node

24
Q

conduction system

A

system that carries the electrical impulses that makes the heart beat; it consists of the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

25
Q

Depolarization

A

positive sodium ions, then positive calcium ions, outside the cell move through the cell membrane, and more calcium ions stored in the cell are released; reverses the normally negative charge in a resting myocardial cell and causes a contraction

26
Q

diastole

A

resting period between contractions

27
Q

ectopic site

A

area within the heart that can produce its own electrical impulse but is not part of the conduction system

28
Q

refractory period

A

short period of time when the myocardium is unresponsive to electrical impulses

29
Q

Repolarization

A

To end a contraction of the heart, positive potassium ions diffuse out of the cell, while molecular pumps move positive sodium and some calcium ions out of the cell and move the rest of the calcium ions into storage within the cell.

30
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Pacemaker of the heart; small area of tissue in the posterior wall the right atrium

31
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the atria or the ventricles

32
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body; includes ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta

33
Q

Arteriole

A

Smallest branch of an artery

34
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

35
Q

Axillary artery

A

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the axilla (armpit) area

36
Q

Blood vessels

A

Channels through which the circulates throughout the body; includes arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

37
Q

Carotid artery

A

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the net, face, head, and brain

38
Q

Coronary artery

A

Arcadia carries oxygenated blood to myocardium

medical language (4 decks)

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