Ch. 4 Pulmonology

Question 1

cardiopulmonary

Answer 1

pertaining to the heart and lungs

Question 2

respiratory system

Answer 2

body system that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide.

Question 3

mucosa

Answer 3

mucous membrane that lines the entire respiratory system; it warms and humidifies incoming air

Question 4

nasal cavity

Answer 4

hollow area inside the nose

Question 5

pharynx

Answer 5

the throat; shared passageway for both air and food

Question 6

septum

Answer 6

wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity right and left sides

Question 7

turbinates

Answer 7

three long, bony projections (superior, middle, and inferior) on either side of the nasal cavity; aka nasal conchae

Question 8

alveolus

Answer 8

hollow sphere of cells in the lungs were oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Question 9

apex

Answer 9

rounded top of each lung

Question 10

rronchiole

Answer 10

small tubular air passageway branches off from a bronchus and then branches into several alveoli; its wall contains smooth muscle.

Question 11

bronchus

Answer 11

tubular air passageway the forms and inverted Y below the trachea

Question 12

cilia

Answer 12

small hairs that flow in waves to move foreign particles away from the lungs and toward the nose and throat so they can be expelled

Question 13

epiglottis

Answer 13

lidlike structure that seals off the larynx, so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus, not into the trachea

Question 14

hilum

Answer 14

indentation on the medial side of a lung where the bronchus, pulmonary arteries, and nerves enter the lung and the pulmonary veins exit

Question 15

larynx

Answer 15

structure that contains the vocal cords and is a pasageway for inhaled and exhaled air; aka voice box

Question 16

lobe

Answer 16

large division of a lung, visible on the outer surface

Question 17

lumen

Answer 17

central opening through which air flows inside the trachea, a bronchus, or a bronchiole

Question 18

lung

Answer 18

organ of respiration that contains alveoli

Question 19

parenchyma

Answer 19

functional part of the lung (i.e., the alveoli) as opposed to the connective tissue framework

Question 20

surfactant

Answer 20

protein-fat compound that reduces surface tension and keeps the walls of the alveolus from collapsing with each exhalation

Question 21

trachea

Answer 21

vertical tube with C-shaped rings of cartilage in it; air passageway between larynx and bronchi

Question 22

diaphragm

Answer 22

muscular sheet that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Question 23

intercostal muscles

Answer 23

two sets of muscles between the ribs the contract to pull the ribs up and out during inhalation or down and in during forceful exhalation

Question 24

mediastinum

Answer 24

smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity; it contains the trachea and other structures such as the heart

Question 25

phrenic nerve

Answer 25

nerve that, when stimulated, causes the diaphragm to contract and move inferiorly to expand the thoracic cavity during inspiration

Question 26

pleura

Answer 26

double-layer serous membrane

Question 27

pleural cavity

Answer 27

hollow space that contains each lung

Question 28

thoracic cavity

Answer 28

hollow space that is filled with the lungs and structures in the mediastinum

Question 29

thoax

Answer 29

bony cage of the sternum and ribs in the spinal column posteriorly that surrounds and protects the lungs and other organs in the thoracic cavity

Question 30

carbon dioxide

Answer 30

exhaled gas that is a waste product of cellular metabolism

Question 31

eupnea

Answer 31

normal rate and rhythm of breathing

Question 32

exhalation

Answer 32

breathing out; it is also known as expiration

Question 33

inhalation

Answer 33

breathing in; it is also known as inspiration

Question 34

metabolism

Answer 34

process of using oxygen to produce energy for cells; metabolism produces carbon dioxide and other waste products

Question 35

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 35

compound formed when oxygen combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 36

respiration

Answer 36

consists of five processes: ventilation, external respiration, gas transport, internal respiration, cellular respiration

Question 37

respiratory control centers

Answer 37

centers in the brain that regulate the depth and rate of respiration