Ch. 4 Pulmonology Flashcards
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
respiratory system
body system that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide.
mucosa
mucous membrane that lines the entire respiratory system; it warms and humidifies incoming air
nasal cavity
hollow area inside the nose
pharynx
the throat; shared passageway for both air and food
septum
wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity right and left sides
turbinates
three long, bony projections (superior, middle, and inferior) on either side of the nasal cavity; aka nasal conchae
alveolus
hollow sphere of cells in the lungs were oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
apex
rounded top of each lung
rronchiole
small tubular air passageway branches off from a bronchus and then branches into several alveoli; its wall contains smooth muscle.
bronchus
tubular air passageway the forms and inverted Y below the trachea
cilia
small hairs that flow in waves to move foreign particles away from the lungs and toward the nose and throat so they can be expelled
epiglottis
lidlike structure that seals off the larynx, so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus, not into the trachea
hilum
indentation on the medial side of a lung where the bronchus, pulmonary arteries, and nerves enter the lung and the pulmonary veins exit
larynx
structure that contains the vocal cords and is a pasageway for inhaled and exhaled air; aka voice box
lobe
large division of a lung, visible on the outer surface
lumen
central opening through which air flows inside the trachea, a bronchus, or a bronchiole
lung
organ of respiration that contains alveoli
parenchyma
functional part of the lung (i.e., the alveoli) as opposed to the connective tissue framework
surfactant
protein-fat compound that reduces surface tension and keeps the walls of the alveolus from collapsing with each exhalation
trachea
vertical tube with C-shaped rings of cartilage in it; air passageway between larynx and bronchi
diaphragm
muscular sheet that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
intercostal muscles
two sets of muscles between the ribs the contract to pull the ribs up and out during inhalation or down and in during forceful exhalation
mediastinum
smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity; it contains the trachea and other structures such as the heart
phrenic nerve
nerve that, when stimulated, causes the diaphragm to contract and move inferiorly to expand the thoracic cavity during inspiration
pleura
double-layer serous membrane
pleural cavity
hollow space that contains each lung
thoracic cavity
hollow space that is filled with the lungs and structures in the mediastinum
thoax
bony cage of the sternum and ribs in the spinal column posteriorly that surrounds and protects the lungs and other organs in the thoracic cavity
carbon dioxide
exhaled gas that is a waste product of cellular metabolism
eupnea
normal rate and rhythm of breathing
exhalation
breathing out; it is also known as expiration
inhalation
breathing in; it is also known as inspiration
metabolism
process of using oxygen to produce energy for cells; metabolism produces carbon dioxide and other waste products
oxyhemoglobin
compound formed when oxygen combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells
respiration
consists of five processes: ventilation, external respiration, gas transport, internal respiration, cellular respiration
respiratory control centers
centers in the brain that regulate the depth and rate of respiration
